Introduction. The complexity and power of a natural phenomenon with hazardous and dangerous properties, which is lightning, should be adequately evaluated and prevented at the most accessible organizational and technical level of a particular society. According to the principle of ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) applied in post-industrial countries, this risk, like others, should be reduced to the extent that is achievable. Neglecting to take a high risk of a hazardous event leads to excessive damage and large irreparable losses that a person or community cannot achieve sustainable development. Therefore, it is the complex, systematic approach in achieving safety, from the stage of assessment, to take into account both the characteristics of hazards, including fire in the relevant facilities, as well as personal, individual risk of death or injury.
Purpose. Concerning to the situation with the systematic approach to technical regulation in Ukraine of such a safety sector as lightning protection, it is precisely this neglect that does not correspond to the current potential of the industrial, scientific, regulatory and social development levels. The purpose of this article is to analyze this problem in several areas. The state of technical regulation shows the priority of bringing normative documents into compliance with the legislation.
Methods. Application of various methods of calculation, estimation, design and layout of the system allows realizing lightning protection system of buildings, equipment and people. To this aim, comparative characteristics of the passive and active lightning protection systems offered on the market are given; protective angle, rolling sphere, geometric methods of direct impact intercepting are compared.
Results. Lightning is an unpredictable natural event; no one in the world is fully understand the mechanism of lightning, it is impossible for any standardization to provide 100% protection in all circumstances. In this view no liability shall attach to IEC and any other publications. Consideration of the implementation of the protection system grounded part is postponed with the condition of its full compliance with the selected components and the configuration of the system as a whole. System calculation of protection and assessment of the individual risk level is impossible without the internal elements and links in lightning protection system. A number of identified gaps in regulatory documents, the relationship between regulatory and supervisory bodies, users requests are suggested in the conclusions. The analysis of active normative and technical requirements to the lightning protection systems is conducted and the necessity of additional protective measures from the direct strike of lightning or voltage induction by a remote discharge by protective measures choice and charts of their setting is determined. On this basis the schemes of application of lightning protective systems from impulsive overvoltage are complemented, that substantially reduces the risk of fires and individual injures.
Conclusion. The statistics of death and injury from lightning hazardous factors, losses from property, buildings and structures damages confirms that in the risk assessment, which is standardized in DSTU EN 62305-2, it is necessary to introduce a methodology that complies with the conditions of Ukraine. Further application in the design of lightning protection systems of the national standard ДСТУ Б.В.2.5-38:2008 went beyond the technical regulation system of Ukraine. Arrangement of system lightning protection depends on: risk assessment, owner response, and influence of regulatory and supervisory bodies. Criteria for fire hazard of a facility require a more complete analysis by the supervise bodies and the owner, the methodology of which has not been implemented for today. The development of such criteria is carried out in the workgroup 1 of the Technical Committee 315, which involves the scientists of the LSULS.
A Reliability-based Optimization Model for Comprehensive Lightning Protection System Design
