Continuous co-phase traction power supply system is the major change of the traction power supply. It is important to analyze the transient response characteristics of overhead contact line for the traction substation feeder protection. This article introduces the main structure of continuous co-phase traction power supply system and the control strategy of traction substation. Meanwhile, transient responses of overhead contact line in the earth short circuit are studied, including metallic earth short circuit and non-metallic earth short circuit (high resistance ground). In the PSCAD/EMTDC electromagnetic transient simulation environment, the effects on the system and the recovery process are studied which the fault occurred in the output interface of traction substation and occurred in overhead contact line.