Author(s):  
N.A. SAPRYKINA ◽  
◽  
A.V. PROSKOKOV ◽  
A.A. SAPRYKIN ◽  
◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Nikos Astroulakis

<p>The paper challenges the mainstream stance in the study of applied ethics<br />in international development. Applied ethics is positioned at the macro-social level<br />of global ethics while a specific codification is attempted by formulating international development based on its structural synthesis, in a threefold level: First, the structural synthesis –associated with the framework of existing international development policy–can be found in the ‘market relations’. Second, the analysis specifies the policies applied at the national level and the role of nation-state policy. Third, the paper criticizes the international development institutions’ policies. In each of the levels mentioned above, the analysis reveals the fundamental policy theory issues of neoclassical economics, as the intellectual defender of free market economics.</p>


Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Helal ◽  
Jong Wan Hu ◽  
Hasan Eleashy

In this work, a new algorithm is proposed for a unique representation for simple and multiple joint planar kinematic chains (KCs) having any degree of freedom (DOF). This unique representation of KCs enhances the isomorphism detection during the structural synthesis process of KCs. First, a new concept of joint degree is generated for all joints of a given KC based on joint configuration. Then, a unified loop array (ULA) is obtained for each independent loop. Finally, a unified chain matrix (UCM) is established as a unique representation for a KC. Three examples are presented to illustrate the proposed algorithm procedures and to test its validity. The algorithm is applied to get a UCM for planar KCs having 7–10 links. As a result, a complete atlas database is introduced for 7–10-link non-isomorphic KCs with simple or/and multiple joints and their corresponding unified chain matrix.


2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanqiao Sun ◽  
Xiangyang Xu ◽  
Yanfang Liu ◽  
Peng Dong ◽  
Shuhan Wang ◽  
...  

Abstract Planetary gear set (PGS) has been one of the best components to constitute a transmission configuration, including the dedicated hybrid transmission (DHT). Using different synthesis approaches, the DHT configurations can be obtained through algorithms. However, different synthesis results correspond to different connection states of the planetary gear system. There are a certain number of results that violate the motion requirements of the mechanical principal need to be detected and removed. Therefore, this paper presents a novel modeling method to systematically remove the interference structures, with graph theory in structural synthesis. Based on the original graph theory, this paper proposes an equivalent replacement modeling method to convert the motor graph model into a brake-like graph model. Based on the conversion, avoid the appearance of the hanging points in the graph model. By applying the proposed approach, a DHT structure proves the feasibility of the method. The proposed detection approach can systematically detect all the PGS-based transmission with multi-PGSs, multi-shifting elements, and multi-power sources.


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