IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN KEPALA DESA TENTANG BANTUAN LANGSUNG TUNAI (BLT) DANA DESA AKIBAT DAMPAK PANDEMI DI KABUPATEN GARUT PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

This research aims to review the implementation of the Village Cash Direct Assistance policy through village head regulations in poverty reduction since the Covid-19 pandemic in Keresek Village of Cibatu Subdistrict, Garut Regency. The Village Cash Direct Assistance (BLT DD) is one of the government's initiatives in providing subsidies to Indonesians in need. Assistance is offered to address the problems caused by the prolonged Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia and worldwide. The Covid-19 pandemic does not only interfere with health that results in death. Pandemics force various activities to be stopped so that the impact is widespread, increasing the number of unemployment, hunger, poverty, etc. For this reason, the government provides funds to the community to suppress the increasing problem. Implementation of village-level policies using village head regulations is still rare. This research used qualitative methods using Edward III's policy theory of communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. Data sources were obtained through interviews and documentation—data analysis by presenting data, reducing data, and withdrawing conclusions. The research result shows that the implementation of Village Cash Direct Assistance in Keresek Village based on Edward III's theory has been implemented judging from the absence of complaints ranging from the data collection process to distribution to recipients under Operational Standard Procedure (OSP). This research will inform the implementation of policies at the village level made by the village government. Keywords: Village Fund, Policy, Policy Implementation.

Making meaning of empowerment and development in rural Malawi—International individualism meets local communalism

Empowerment is a prominent concept in psychology, and for decades, it has been a key term in global development policy, theory, and practice. However, in line with similar turns toward individualism in psychology, the prevalent understanding of the concept centers on individual capacity to change circumstances, with less focus on empowerment as a context-dependent or communal approach. In this article, adopting decolonial feminist psychology as a lens, we analyze how rural Malawians make meaning of the overarching empowerment and development approach of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working in their villages, and how they perceive the approaches as fitting with local contexts. When development implementers largely ignore Malawi’s communal lifestyle, individualized empowerment initiatives can lead to individual and communal disempowerment and distress. Given psychology’s large influence on other arenas, and psychology’s implication with the individualized gender-development-empowerment nexus, we argue that it is imperative to explore the effects and experiences of this empowerment approach in different contexts. A more context-appropriate understanding of empowerment—as with most other psychological concepts—is needed.

Mismatch of Policy Theory and Policy Practice in Eastern Europe: Cross-Sectoral Comparison of Croatian Policymaking

The aim of the paper is to improve empirical policy theory by examining Eastern European policymaking, using Croatia as a case for analysis. Data sources are published studies that describe 11 sectors from diverse policy areas. The whole material was coded by the rules of qualitative content analysis. The results show 15 basic features of Croatian policymaking combined into six policymaking types: administrative, analytical, economic, external, incremental, and political. All detected policymaking types were successfully connected to several policy concepts, theories, frameworks, and approaches. The analysis revealed three points of theory-practice mismatch that are fruitful for theoretical improvements: the need for mainstreaming Europeanization and policy transfer into policy theory; the need to modify rationalistic approaches for more empirical studies on obstacles and barriers to rationality in policymaking; and the need for adapting actor-centered approaches for a more broad application and empirical research of policymaking in Eastern Europe.

Zakat Management Concept to Accelerate Health and Economic Recovery during the COVID-19 Pandemic

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic impacts the zakat management of zakat institutions. Zakat is an Islamic obligation to donate a portion of one’s wealth. This is because the income of the muzakki (the people who pay the zakat) decreased. The pandemic caused the decline of people’s income, thus increasing the number of mustahik (zakat recipients). This condition encourages the application of a zakat empowerment concept that aims to accelerate people’s economy. AIM: This paper aims analyze the zakat empowerment concept in the health and welfare aspects during the pandemic, to obtain legal protection based on the benefit (maslahah) and policy theories. METHODS: This qualitative research aims to focus on the zakat empowerment concept in the aspects of health and welfare during the pandemic. RESULTS: The zakat institutions may channel the zakat to the mustahik who are affected by the pandemic in the form of medicine, COVID-19 vaccines, and capitals to families whose breadwinners lost their jobs or died due to the pandemic. This qualitative research aims to analyze the zakat empowerment concept during the pandemic in the aspects of health and welfare and its legal protection based on benefit (maslahah) theory and the policy theory. According to the policy theory, the zakat empowerment concept in the health and economic sectors during the pandemic is according to Law No. 23 of 2011 on Zakat Management. CONCLUSION: According to the maslahah theory, it is categorized as a maslahah hajiyah from the basis of maslahah al-mursalah. However, to give legal certainty and legal protection, the zakat empowerment concept in the health and economic sectors during the pandemic should be validated in legal regulation.

The Fit between Policy, Theory and Practice of Participatory Development in Aid Assisted Education Projects in Kenya

<p>This research critically examines the efficacy of mainstream aid development projects that embrace people-centred, participatory approaches and government partnerships with multilateral and bilateral agencies (donors), civil society and local communities to enhance benefits of empowerment and social change to disadvantaged people. The thesis used an example of an aid project, the Basic Education Improvement Project (BEIP) which the GOK implemented in partnership with the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and disadvantaged communities in urban slums and marginalised rural areas particularly Arid and Semi Arid Lands (ASALs). The thesis further drew upon structural and poststructural perspectives to respond to the developmental challenges posed by the theories of modernisation, dependency, ADev and postdevelopment and to assess the 'fit' between policy, theory and practice of participatory development (PDev) and its relationships to participatory democracy (PDem). Core ideas came from Robert Chambers Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), Rowlands' classification of power, Arnstein's ladder for citizen participation and Ife's approach to community development (CDev). To understand the meanings and impacts of the BEIP structure, partnerships, participation, empowerment, sustainability and social change, and the relational dynamics it generated, the thesis used multiple research methods based on qualitative, case study and grounded theory methodologies. These were chosen because of their compatibility with the critical theory used to analyse government-to-donor led and people-led development as enacted in the BEIP and their sensitivity to researcher flexibility and contextual and unique features of the research. The research shows that mainstream PDev management through bureaucratically organised structures of management and governance creates new forms of centralism where representative democracy (RDem) rather than participatory democracy (PDem) are used. Despite having a strong focus on holistic and balanced development, the enactment and implementation of partnerships and participation within an aid delivery system, and through representatives and technical experts, limited benefits of empowerment and social change to the disadvantaged people. Indeed, participation and collaboration in the BEIP enhanced the teaching and learning environments of the targeted schools and increased awareness of rights to the disadvantage people. However, not only did accountability remain top-down but partnerships emerged through competitive, not cooperative relationships. Such top-down approaches and elite-to-elite social networks contributed to social exclusion, further marginalisation of the disadvantaged people, and risked accentuating dependency on external aid. For these reasons, the thesis argues that emancipation of disadvantaged people and realisation of sustainable development are more likely to emerge through interventions that increase participatory practice, where government partnerships with civil society and local communities draw upon cooperative principles, that promote structures and discourses of citizenship and rights and that focus on the grassroots, not the nation-state as the locale for social change.</p>

The Fit between Policy, Theory and Practice of Participatory Development in Aid Assisted Education Projects in Kenya

<p>This research critically examines the efficacy of mainstream aid development projects that embrace people-centred, participatory approaches and government partnerships with multilateral and bilateral agencies (donors), civil society and local communities to enhance benefits of empowerment and social change to disadvantaged people. The thesis used an example of an aid project, the Basic Education Improvement Project (BEIP) which the GOK implemented in partnership with the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and disadvantaged communities in urban slums and marginalised rural areas particularly Arid and Semi Arid Lands (ASALs). The thesis further drew upon structural and poststructural perspectives to respond to the developmental challenges posed by the theories of modernisation, dependency, ADev and postdevelopment and to assess the 'fit' between policy, theory and practice of participatory development (PDev) and its relationships to participatory democracy (PDem). Core ideas came from Robert Chambers Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), Rowlands' classification of power, Arnstein's ladder for citizen participation and Ife's approach to community development (CDev). To understand the meanings and impacts of the BEIP structure, partnerships, participation, empowerment, sustainability and social change, and the relational dynamics it generated, the thesis used multiple research methods based on qualitative, case study and grounded theory methodologies. These were chosen because of their compatibility with the critical theory used to analyse government-to-donor led and people-led development as enacted in the BEIP and their sensitivity to researcher flexibility and contextual and unique features of the research. The research shows that mainstream PDev management through bureaucratically organised structures of management and governance creates new forms of centralism where representative democracy (RDem) rather than participatory democracy (PDem) are used. Despite having a strong focus on holistic and balanced development, the enactment and implementation of partnerships and participation within an aid delivery system, and through representatives and technical experts, limited benefits of empowerment and social change to the disadvantaged people. Indeed, participation and collaboration in the BEIP enhanced the teaching and learning environments of the targeted schools and increased awareness of rights to the disadvantage people. However, not only did accountability remain top-down but partnerships emerged through competitive, not cooperative relationships. Such top-down approaches and elite-to-elite social networks contributed to social exclusion, further marginalisation of the disadvantaged people, and risked accentuating dependency on external aid. For these reasons, the thesis argues that emancipation of disadvantaged people and realisation of sustainable development are more likely to emerge through interventions that increase participatory practice, where government partnerships with civil society and local communities draw upon cooperative principles, that promote structures and discourses of citizenship and rights and that focus on the grassroots, not the nation-state as the locale for social change.</p>

Kajian Hukum Mengenai Prosedur Penanganan Barang Bukti Tindak Pidana Korupsi Oleh Kejaksaan Sebelum Dilimpahkan Ke Rupbasan

This article or paper aims to review and analyze the legal rules governing the handling of evidence of corruption by the prosecutor's office before being transferred to (Rupbasan), as well as the role of the prosecutor in handling evidence of corruption and policies carried out by the prosecutor in handling evidence of acts of crime. corruption crime. The problem is focused on how the rule of law and the role and policies of the Attorney General's Office in managing evidence. In order to approach this problem, legal systems theory, role theory and policy theory are used as references. The research method in this writing is a normative legal research method. Data were collected through primary, secondary and tertiary data sources, then analyzed using qualitative analysis methods. This study concludes that the legal regulations regarding the handling of evidence of criminal acts of corruption are: Minister of Law and Human Rights Regulation No. 16 of 2014, Regulation of the Chief of the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia No. 8 of 2014, Presidential Instruction No. 2 of 2014, Regulation of the Attorney General of the Republic of Indonesia No: PER-027 / A / JA / 10/2014. The role of the prosecutor in handling evidence, namely: The role of subsection of evidence and the role of subsection of loot. The policies implemented by the prosecutor regarding the handling of evidence include: Policies before being transferred to the state confiscated objects storage house and policies carried out by the Attorney after the court verdict.