2021 ◽  
Vol 1084 (1) ◽  
pp. 012067
Author(s):  
K. Rajalashmi ◽  
V.S. Hemachandira ◽  
S. Saravanan ◽  
M Chandru ◽  
R.S. Kaviyadevi

Oryx ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. González ◽  
Francisco G. D. Montoto ◽  
Tome Mereck ◽  
Junior Alves ◽  
José Pereira ◽  
...  

AbstractGuinea-Bissau is host to the westernmost subpopulation of the common hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius, which is one of only two known populations inhabiting coastal waters. The presence of hippopotamuses causes conflict with rice farmers as a result of crop damage and the absence of effective measures to protect crops. To develop an effective method for protecting rice fields, we studied the patterns of access to flooded and rain-fed rice fields by hippopotamuses and assessed the effect of the installation of electric fences. Hippopotamuses were detected in 54% of the flooded fields (n = 100) and in 31.9% of the rain-fed fields (n = 91). They were detected more frequently in fields on offshore islands than on the mainland, in unfenced than in fenced fields, and in fields closer to running water. Hippopotamuses entered fenced flooded fields less frequently than unfenced, and were detected most frequently at the end of the rainy season and the start of the dry season, and in the period of vegetative stem growth. Electric fences were an effective deterrent and facilitated increased rice production. The maintenance and cost of the electric fencing were acceptable to farmers, and therefore the use of such fencing is recommended to resolve the conflict between hippopotamuses and farmers in Guinea-Bissau and in other areas with similar conditions.


2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Ashley B. Witcher ◽  
Carolyn W. Robinson ◽  
Christine H. Coker ◽  
D. Joseph Eakes ◽  
Stephen S. Ditchkoff ◽  
...  

Nursery and landscape professionals as well as homeowners throughout Alabama continue to experience deer damage to ornamental plants due to the increasing populations of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman). To understand the extent of damage, surveys were created for green industry professionals and homeowners. The industry survey was sent to members of the Alabama Nursery and Landscape Association (ALNLA) (N = 223). The homeowner survey was sent to nine Master Gardener associations and administered through one day of onsite surveys at Huntsville Botanic Garden (N = 668). Questions inquired if respondents encountered injury to plants from whitetail deer, what types of preventive methods they were using, plants typically browsed, and extent of plant loss annually as a result of deer activity. Fifty-five percent of green industry professionals and 37% of homeowners answered ‘yes’ to damage problems, and of those, more homeowners (61%) than industry (41%) employed preventive methods to reduce deer browse. High fencing, electric fencing, Liquid Fence® repellent, and motion irrigation were the most effective of eleven preventive measures listed. Indian hawthorn (Rhaphiolepis indica L.) and hosta (Hosta spp.) were the most commonly damaged plants according to industry and homeowners, respectively. The majority of homeowners experienced damage during the spring, while industry participants reported most damage during the winter and fall months.


2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. MARTISKAINEN ◽  
L. TUOMISTO ◽  
A. HUUSKONEN

Training cattle to avoid electric fences before turnout to grazing reduces the risk of the animals breaking out from their paddock. We investigated the time needed for dairy bull calves to learn to avoid a light-built electric fence. Nineteen dairy bull calves were trained to an electric fence in a training yard during seven days. The number of electric shocks the animals received from the training fence was recorded continuously. After the training period, the calves were turned to pasture. Nine of the animals were also grazed the following summer as yearlings, and observed before turnout in a smaller enclosure. The calves got more shocks from the fence during training hour 1 than during any of the following seven hours. The number of shocks the calves received from the fence also declined from training day 1 to 2 and from training day 3 to 4. The results indicate that the dairy bull calves learned to avoid an electric fence quickly, even within an hour from release into the training yard. A simple training procedure was sufficient to ensure that the animals could be grazed in and would avoid a light-built electric fencing system as calves and, even after a winter-housing period, as bulls.;


1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Dorrance ◽  
John Bourne
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Marybeth Lorbiecki

The farm lies about two hours away from the Shack but only historic inches away in concept. In the Driftless region of southwest Wisconsin, it bears upon it some of the beautiful contoured crop swirls of Coon Valley, telltale marks of Leopold’s influence. New Forest Farm, started by Mark and Jen Shepard, is restoration agriculture in action. The farm asks the land to do what it is tailored by nature to do best and then trains it artfully, holistically, and prodigiously for personal, natural, and commercial use. From the sky, it looks like a child’s fingerpainting in green, with curlycues and waves of varying shades, dotted with treetop spheres, winding around ridges and swells. Lovely, biologically diverse, and drought resistant. It has pocket ponds with connective rain-irrigation swales cut into the contours following gradual lines of gravity to disperse captured moisture into the roots and soil for storage. In the face of the worst drought since 1933, this farm stood out lush and lively, though the chestnuts, hazelnuts, and fruit trees produced a reduced harvest, saving their energies for survival. On the spring day we visited, three new shaggy, fawn-colored Highland cattle had just arrived—a mother, son, and calf—along with some new solar-powered electric fencing for pasturing paddocks. “The animals get to know the whole thing,” says Peter Allen, the land manager in his early thirties who expounds on the sequential grazing of the cattle, pigs, sheep, chickens, and turkeys. “They stay for a day in the paddock, and they’re ready to move on to the next when we open the gates.” A PhD student from UW-Madison’s Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, Allen is applying precepts of wildlife and land ecology to the emerging field of restoration agriculture. He’s also a warm host and knowledgeable tour guide, handing out exciting details like the intoxicating cider made here.


Author(s):  
J Chambers ◽  
B Hardy ◽  
O Pugh

Sows kept outdoors are traditionally fed a compound diet, in the form of a-large biscuit, which is spread on the ground over a wide area to try to minimise bullying. They can be kept in several separate groups, divided by electric fencing, each group containing sows at a similar stage of pregnancy. The use of a computer controlled feeder would allow the sows to be kept as one dynamic group and allow food intake to be controlled on an individual or group basis. Also, normal pelleted food can be used in such a machine. Bulky feeds are playing an increasing role in the diet of outdoor sows, and it was decided to investigate the use of an electronically controlled feeder to supply a compound feed to balance grazed fodder beet.


2007 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1695-1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATHIEU LEBLOND ◽  
CHRISTIAN DUSSAULT ◽  
JEAN-PIERRE OUELLET ◽  
MARIUS POULIN ◽  
RÉHAUME COURTOIS ◽  
...  

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