The Effect of Price, Land Area and Production Costs on Rice Farmer’s Income: Case in Bone Bolango Regency

This study aims to determine the effect of price, land area and production costs on the income of rice farmers in North Toto Village, Tilongkabila District, Bone Bolango Regency. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. With a total sample of 44 farmers in North Toto Village. This research method uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression model analysis. The results showed that the price had a negative and insignificant effect on the income of rice farmers in North Toto Village. This means that every 1% increase in price can reduce income by 0.237. Land area has a positive and significant effect on the income of rice farmers in North Toto Village. This means that every 1% increase in land area can increase income by 0.682. Production costs have a negative and significant effect on the income of rice farmers in North Toto Village. This means that every 1% increase can reduce income by -0.254. The coefficient of determination (R Square) is 0.596, this shows that the percentage of rice farmers' income variation which is explained by the variation of the independent variables, namely price, land area and production costs is 59.6% for the remaining 40.4% influenced by other variables.

The impact of uptake of selected agricultural technologies on rice farmers’ income distribution in Ghana

Background Government of Ghana’s effort to reduce income inequality consistently poses a major challenge to public policy formulation. The promotion and dissemination of agricultural technologies as a pathway out of income inequality in rural Ghana have received widespread support. Yet, knowledge about the impact of agricultural technologies on rural income inequality remains low. The objective of the study is to evaluate the link between the uptake of improved rice technologies and income distribution in the study area. Methods This paper uses a survey data from 917 smallholder rice producers in selected communities in Ghana. The study employs the Bourguignon, Fournier, and Gurgand (BFG) selection bias correction model, a two-stage model, to empirically analyse the role of agricultural technologies in rural income distribution. Results The empirical result shows that education, farm size, land ownership, participation in relevant extension training programmes enhance adoption, but gender (female) inhibits uptake of the selected technologies. The empirical result further shows that the uptake of the improved rice seed and fertilizer increases rice farmers’ net revenue significantly. The result further indicates that farmers’ choice of the selected agricultural technologies decreases the sample population income inequality, indicating the uptake of the technologies has an equalizing effect on rice farmers’ income distribution. Conclusion The study concludes that the use of the selected technologies has potential to fight rural poverty in Ghana. The findings have implications for National Development Planning Commission (NDPC) agenda of redistribution of wealth in Ghana.

What Influences Rice Farmers’ Choices of Credit Sources in Côte d’Ivoire? An Econometric Analysis using the Multinomial Conditional Logit Model

In Côte d’Ivoire, the low participation of smallholder farmers in the credit market remains a matter of concern. This study examines the key determinants of rice farmers’ participation in the credit market. We use a Multinomial Conditional Logit model to consider the characteristics related to the use of different credit sources. A total of 588 rice farmers were randomly sampled from seven rice areas. Our findings reveal that gender, age, education level, experience in rice farming, rice plot size, lowland rice farming, extension contact, membership of a farmer-based organization, marketing of paddy rice, and off-farm income significantly influence the use of different credit sources. While credit requirements such as saving plus collateral, kinship/friendship, membership, favoured client, loan maturity, and the distance between borrowers and lenders are credit source-specific variables that significantly determine rice farmers’ choices between different credit sources. These empirical results show that in addition to farmer-specific variables, policymakers should consider the characteristics of credit sources for developing a credit market suitable for smallholder farmers.

Adoption level of integrated crop management practices among rice farmers: Does the adoption of production technology predict postharvest technology adoption

SAMARICA is the second district of Occidental Mindoro province in the Philippines having a vast land area for rice production. It supports the rice milling sector of the province with promising facilities for postharvest of rice. This study investigates the rice farmers’ adoption level of integrated crop management practices (ICMPs). The adoption ICMPs aims to promotes farm productivity and efficiency. A total of 404 rice farmers participated in this study selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Quantitative data were generated from the survey questionnaire and were analyzed using Descriptive Statistics. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the relationship between production and postharvest practices. The results revealed that rice farmers have “very high” adoption of rice production technologies except for water technologies and intermittent irrigation with “high” adoption level. In terms of postharvest, there is “very high” adoption of mechanized harvesting and recommended moisture content for rice but “moderate” adoption for rice parboiler, dying machines, and threshing of rice right after harvest. On the other hand, a statistically significant evidence was found for production technologies as predictor of postharvest technologies, specific for the care and management of rice (β =0.55; P<0.01).

Analisis Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga Petani Padi Berdasarkan Proporsi Pengeluaran Pangan Di Kota Padang

ABSTRAK Padi merupakan salah satu komoditas tanaman pangan yang cukup strategis untuk mendukung terwujudnya ketahanan pangan nasioal. Padi merupakan komoditas unggulan di Kota Padang, dan salah satu wilayah sentra produksinya adalah Kecamatan Kuranji. Sebagai wilayah lumbung pangan (padi) diasumsikan dengan tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat (petani) yang terjamin dalam hal pemenuhan pangan. Salah satu indikator ketahanan pangan rumah tangga dicerminkan oleh proporsi pengeluaran pangan terhadap pengeluaran total. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) menganalisis perkembangan (trend) produksi padi di Kota Padang dan 2) menganalisis pendapatan dan proporsi pengeluaran rumah tangga petani padi. Jenis data penelitian terdiri dari data primer dan sekunder, dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 30 rumah tangga petani padi dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara snowball sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan meliputi analisis trend menggunakan least square method; pendapatan total; dan proporsi pengeluaran pangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan produksi padi sawah, mengalami penurunan produksi sebesar 7812.00 Ton setiap tahunnya (2015-2019), diperkirakan pada tahun 2020 produksi padi sawah sebesar 35,882.00 Ton. Sedangkan, sumber pendapatan rumah tangga petani padi terbesar berasal dari pendapatan usahatani padi sawah (onfarm). Proporsi pengeluaran rumah tangga petani digunakan untuk pengeluaran pangan yaitu padi-padian, dengan rata-rata total pengeluaran sebesar 60.26 persen. Kata Kunci : Tanaman Pangan, Rumah Tangga Petani, Ketahanan Pangan ABSTRACT Rice is one of the food crop commodities which is quite strategic to support the realization of national food security. Rice is a leading commodity in the city of Padang, and one of its production centers is Kuranji District. As a food barn (rice) area, it is assumed that the level of welfare of the community (farmers) is guaranteed in terms of food fulfillment. One indicator of household food security is reflected by the proportion of food expenditure to total expenditure. The objectives of this study were 1) to analyze the development (trend) of rice production in Padang City and 2) to analyze the income and proportion of household expenditures of rice farmers. The type of research data consists of primary and secondary data, with the number of respondents as many as 30 rice farmer households with a snowball sampling technique. The data analysis used includesanalysis trend using the least square method; total revenue; and the proportion of food expenditure. The results showed that lowland rice production decreased by 7812.00 tons every year (2015-2019), it is estimated that in 2020 lowland rice production was 35,882.00 tons. Meanwhile, the largest source of household income for rice farmers comes from rice farming(incomeonfarm). The proportion of household expenditure of farmers is used for food expenditure, namely grains, with an average total expenditure of 60.26 percent Keywords : food crop commodities, farmer households, food security

Pemberdayaan Petani Padi di Desa Mas, Ubud, Bali Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Lulur Tradisional Berbahan Dasar Beras

Rice farmers roles are very significant in establishing national food security. However, due to weather that is often uncontrolled, affecting the quantity and quality of the harvest, the welfare of rice farmers is still difficult to improve. As an effort to improve the welfare of rice farmers, this community outreach activity seeks to assist farmers, especially in Mas Village - Ubud, increase the added value of their harvests by providing training on making beauty scrubs made from rice and turmeric. The training covers not only the production process, but also packaging and labeling methods. Exploration of potentials and problems was done through the process of observation and interviews. Then the planning process of training activities, training implementation, and evaluation process was carried out, to achieve the goals of community outreach activities. This community outreach activity provides new knowledge and skills for rice farmers and their families in processing rice into traditional scrubs. These new skills are expected to be able to help improve the welfare of rice farmers in Mas Village, especially during this pandemic. This community outreach activity paper contributes to the literature, by offering insight into how the welfare of rice farmers could be improved by providing trainings to increase the added value of agricultural production. In addition, the findings of this community outreach activity can also be applied to different contexts, so that this paper also offers significant practical contribution.

Complex innovations in agriculture, environment, and health – the perceptions of rice farmers in the Jequetepeque Valley, Peru

The increased use of water in irrigated rice monocultures in the Jequetepeque Valley, on the northern coast of Peru, has exacerbated environmental, socioeconomic and health problems. The Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) irrigation technique aims to increase water management efficiency in rice cultivation. The objective of the present article is to understand farmers’ perceptions about the benefits and risks of implementing AWD. Data from interviews with 319 farmers showed that they recognise nine interactions between AWD's economic, environmental and health aspects but prioritise economic factors when assessing its benefits. We also identified the main channels and spaces of communication and debate on issues related to agriculture and health that are likely to be effective in promoting the diffusion of AWD. The study demonstrated the relevance of integrated actions to encourage the adoption of agricultural innovations which consider the interactions between environmental sustainability, health issues, and producers' economic priorities.

Determinants of resource use efficiencies among lowland rice farmers of Enugu State, Nigeria

The gap in supply and demand of rice could be due to observable differentials in the allocative efficiency of the rice farmers in Nigeria. Therefore, the study focused on the determinants of resource-use efficiencies and profitability of lowland rice farmers of Enugu State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect cross-sectional data from 300 smallholder rice farmers across the six agricultural zones of the State. The gross margin (GM) analysis was used to estimate the profitability while the marginal value productmarginal factor cost (MVP-MFC) was used to evaluate the efficiency of rice farming. The Stochastic Frontier Cost Function was also used to estimate the determinants of resource use efficiency among lowland rice farmers in Enugu state. The results from the GM showed that rice production is profitable with an average rate of returns on investment (ROI) of 2.80. The MVP-MFC analysis showed that all the input factors hypothesized were over-utilised indicating the existence of large-scale resource-use inefficiency among lowland rice farmers of the state. Education and age were the only socio-economic variables that affected the allocative efficiency of the rice farmers. The study recommends a farm-level policy directed towards the encouragement of younger adults since they are more likely to adopt innovation and boost efficiency and investment in extension education for advisory services to facilitate resource-use efficiencies.