Study on SSVEP response under the checkerboard stimulus pattern based on improved 2D-EEMD

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Liya Huang ◽  
Chenglu Da ◽  
Ruijie Zhao ◽  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Pattern

Caudolateral areas of medulla-mediating release of ACTH in cats

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (5) ◽  
pp. R934-R940
Author(s):  
D. A. Bereiter ◽  
D. S. Gann
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Stimulus Pattern ◽  
Reticular Nucleus ◽  
Lateral Reticular Nucleus ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Afferent Information ◽  
Burst Pattern ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Acth Release

The effect of electrical stimulation of the caudolateral brain stem on plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) was assessed in cats anesthetized with alpha-chloralose-urethan. To examine the influence of stimulus pattern on ACTH release, an equal number of pulses was presented in a continuous pattern and in a burst pattern at each electrode site. Stimulation of the magnocellular portion (layers 4-6) of trigeminal nucleus caudalis evoked a significant (P less than 0.01) and equal peak change in plasma ACTH after continuous pattern (+121 +/- 32 pg/ml) and after burst pattern stimuli (+126 +/- 30 pg/ml, n = 21). In contrast, stimulation of more ventromedial portions (layers 7-8) of nucleus caudalis had no significant effect on plasma ACTH. Stimulation of the trigeminal lateral cervical region the caudal extent of the A1 noradrenergic cell group, or the lateral reticular nucleus evoked significant peak increases in plasma ACTH regardless of stimulus pattern. Transient changes in arterial pressure accompanied brain stem stimulation and were not correlated with the changes in ACTH. The results indicate that stimulation of trigeminal subnucleus caudalis, a brain stem region that processes nociceptor afferent information, evokes a prompt increase in plasma ACTH. Stimulation of brain stem regions that process autonomic and cardiovascular afferent information (A1 region, lateral reticular nucleus) also facilitate ACTH release. No significant influence of stimulus pattern on brain stem-evoked ACTH release was seen. The results support the hypothesis that the influence of the central nervous system on ACTH release may be processed by parallel pathways at the caudal brain stem level.

scholarly journals A temporal dissociation of energy liberation and high energy phosphate splitting during shortening in frog skeletal muscles.

1976 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Rall ◽  
E Homsher ◽  
A Wallner ◽  
W F Mommaerts
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Pattern ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Liberation ◽  
High Energy Phosphate ◽  
Contracting Muscle ◽  
Mechanical Measurements

Measurements of the time course of high energy phosphate splitting and energy liberation were performed on rapidly shortening Rana pipiens skeletal muscles. In muscles contracting 30 times against small loads (less the 0.02P), the ratio of explained heat + work (H + W) (calculated from the measured high energy phosphate splitting) to observed H + W (from myothermal and mechanical measurements) was 0.68 +/- 0.08 and is in agreement with results obtained in isometric tetani of R. pipiens skeletal muscle. In lightly afterloaded muscles which were tetanized for 0.6a and whose metabolism was arrested at 3.0 s after the beginning of stimulation, a similar ratio of explained H + W to observed H + W was obtained. However, in identical contractions in which metabolism was arrested at 0.5-0.75 s after the beginning of stimulation, the ratio of explained H + W to observed H + W declined significantly to values ranging from 0.15 to 0.40. These results suggest that rapid shortening at the beginning of contraction induces a delay between energy production and measurable high energy phosphate splitting. This interpretation was tested and confirmed in experiments in which one muscle of a pair contracted isometrically while the other contracted against a small afterload. The afterload and stimulus pattern were arranged so that at the time metabolism was arrested, 0.5 s after the beginning of stimulation, the total energy production by both muscles was the same. Chemical analysis revealed that the isotonically contracting muscle spilt only 25% as much high energy phosphate as did the isometrically contracting muscle.

21008 Investigation of Loading Different Stimulus Pattern in Pulsatile Culture of the Tissue Engineered Vascular Graft

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013.19 (0) ◽  
pp. 475-476
Author(s):  
Kazuho Kobayashi ◽  
Toshihiro OGASAHARA ◽  
Noriyasu MASUMOTO ◽  
Takashi USHIDA ◽  
Katsuko FURUKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Stimulus Pattern

Pattern Discrimination Learning with Rhesus Monkeys

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra R. Blehert
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Mathematical Description ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Stimulus Pattern ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Pattern Discrimination ◽  
Individual Learning ◽  
Group Data

Rhesus monkeys were trained to criterion on a 2-stimulus and a 5-stimulus pattern discrimination task. The probabilities of response to the various stimuli throughout learning are examined for individual Ss, and it is found that Ss exhibit consistency in the order and manner in which incorrect stimuli are eliminated. This suggests a simple mathematical description of the process, which is used to deepen the analysis of the data, permitting estimation of individual learning parameters and construction of more meaningful summaries of the group data.

Treatment of Chronic Blushing by Paradoxical Intention

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. H. Timms
Keyword(s):  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Stimulus Pattern

Two previous articles report the successful treatment of chronic blushing (Salter, 1952, Case 10; Gibbs, 1965). Both cases employed techniques which were designed to increase the patient's self-assertiveness. As an adjunct to his therapy, Salter instructed his patient in the use of paradoxical intention to diminish blushing behaviour. This technique derives from Dunlap's (1932) beta hypothesis on learning which states that “the occurence of a response lessens the probability that on the recurrence of the same stimulus pattern, the same response will recur” (page 78). The present case describes the treatment of blushing with paradoxical intention alone.

Apparent Movements Induced by Luminance Modulations: A Model Study

Perception ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 667-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk A K Mastebroek ◽  
Willem H Zaagman
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Stimulus Pattern ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Zero Crossings ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Illusory Movement ◽  
Dimensional Distribution ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
Spatial Derivatives ◽  
Visual Percept

When the receptive-field profiles of the different units in the primary visual cortex are described by a series of different functions which are given by a Gaussian distribution and its first, second, and so on, spatial derivatives, a full analysis of the input—output processing of these units (under the assumption of linearity for small signals) can be achieved for a wide variety of optical stimuli consisting of closely adjacent fields modulated independently in intensity. Once the input—output relationship for one particular unit has been obtained, it is possible to calculate in a straightforward manner the spatial representation of the stimulus pattern in a two-dimensional distribution of such units. Investigations are reported into how a stimulus pattern (a dark or bright bar between two fields modulated in illuminance) is represented in a hierarchical structure of such layers of units, each layer containing just one type of receptive-field profile from the Gaussian family of derivatives. It is shown that if a visual percept is associated with the behaviour of the extrema or zero-crossings of the representations in the first few layers of such an architecture, a complete description can be given of the experimental results obtained by Gregory and Heard in their psychophysical experiments on illusory movement perception induced by luminance intensity modulations.

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