With the success and popularity of vehicle navigation services, the demand for Pedestrian Navigation Services (PNS) has increased in recent years. PNS, while overlap in functionality with vehicle navigation services, must be designed specifically for the wayfinding and navigational needs and preferences of pedestrians. One major shortcoming of most existing PNS in outdoors is that they utilize and provide services based on road networks, resulting in PNS that do not effectively and properly track pedestrians as they usually walk on sidewalks, which have more segments and are narrower than roads. Challenges in building PNS include constructing appropriate sidewalk networks, continually tracking users in real time on sidewalks without interruption, and providing personalized routes as well as directions. In this paper, these challenges are highlighted and current trends in PNS, for both outdoors and indoors, are discussed and analyzed. A prototype PNS designed for the University of Pittsburg’s main campus sidewalk network (PNS-Pitt) is also discussed.
Routing Emergency Vehicles in Arterial Road Networks using Real-time Mixed Criticality Systems*
