Massive MIMO full-duplex relaying (MM-FDR), where multiple source-destination pairs communicate simultaneously with the help of a common full-duplex relay equipped with very large antenna arrays, is studied in this chapter. Different from the traditional MM-FDR protocol, a general model where sources/destinations are allowed to equip with multiple antennas is considered. The effect of hardware impairments is taken into consideration, and is modeled using transmit/receive distortion noises. We propose a low complexity hardware impairments aware transceiver scheme (named as HIA scheme) to mitigate the distortion noises by exploiting the statistical knowledge of channels and antenna arrays at sources and destinations. A joint degree of freedom and power optimization algorithm is presented to further optimize the spectral efficiency of HIA based MM-FDR. The results show that the HIA scheme can mitigate the ``ceiling effect” appears in traditional MM-FDR protocol, if the numbers of antennas at sources and destinations can scale with that at the relay.
Power Scaling Laws of Massive MIMO Full-Duplex Relaying With Hardware Impairments
