Assessing the role of textiles in the performance of wearable screen-printed strain sensors for breathing rate monitoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Aurora Costa Angeli ◽  
Mallikarjun Madagalam ◽  
Mattia Petrelli ◽  
Silvia Pogliaghi ◽  
Alessandra Scarton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Breathing Rate ◽  
Screen Printed

The role of strain localization on the electrical behavior of flexible and stretchable screen printed silver inks on polymer substrates

Materialia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 100642
Author(s):  
Gabe Cahn ◽  
Alejandro Barrios ◽  
Samuel Graham ◽  
Jeff Meth ◽  
Antonia Antoniou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain Localization ◽  
Electrical Behavior ◽  
Polymer Substrates ◽  
Screen Printed

Umbilical cord occlusion stimulates breathing independent of blood gases and pH

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1796-1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Adamson ◽  
I. M. Kuipers ◽  
D. M. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
High Frequency Oscillation ◽  
Breathing Rate ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood

The role of umbilical cord occlusion in the initiation of breathing at birth was investigated by use of 16 unanesthetized fetal sheep near full term. Artificial ventilation with high-frequency oscillation was used to control fetal arterial blood gas tensions. At baseline, PCO2 was maintained at control fetal values and PO2 was elevated to between 25 and 50 Torr. In the first study on six intact and four vagotomized fetuses, arterial PCO2 and PO2 were maintained constant during two 30-min periods of umbilical cord occlusion. Nevertheless, the mean fetal breathing rate increased significantly when the umbilical cord was occluded. In the second study on six intact fetuses, hypercapnia (68 Torr) was imposed by adding CO2 to the ventilation gas. When the umbilical cord was occluded, there was a significantly greater stimulation of breathing (rate, incidence, and amplitude) in response to hypercapnia than in response to hypercapnia alone. During cord occlusion, plasma prostaglandin E2 concentration decreased significantly. Results indicate that cord occlusion stimulates breathing possibly by causing the removal of a placentally produced respiratory inhibitor such as prostaglandin E2 from the circulation.

scholarly journals Characteristics of breathing rate control mediated by a subregion within the pontine parabrachial complex

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1030-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Zuperku ◽  
Astrid G. Stucke ◽  
Francis A. Hopp ◽  
Eckehard A. E. Stuth
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Pattern Generator ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Bipolar Electrode ◽  
Breathing Rate ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Step Frequency

The role of the dorsolateral pons in the control of expiratory duration (Te) and breathing frequency is incompletely understood. A subregion of the pontine parabrachial-Kölliker-Fuse (PB-KF) complex of dogs was identified via microinjections, in which localized pharmacologically induced increases in neuronal activity produced increases in breathing rate while decreases in neuronal activity produced decreases in breathing rate. This subregion is also very sensitive to local and systemic opioids. The purpose of this study was to precisely characterize the relationship between the PB-KF subregion pattern of altered neuronal activity and the control of respiratory phase timing as well as the time course of the phrenic nerve activity/neurogram (PNG). Pulse train electrical stimulation patterns synchronized with the onset of the expiratory (E) and/or phrenic inspiratory (I) phase were delivered via a small concentric bipolar electrode while the PNG was recorded in decerebrate, vagotomized dogs. Step frequency patterns during the E phase produced a marked frequency-dependent decrease in Te, while similar step inputs during the I phase increased inspiratory duration (Ti) by 14 ± 3%. Delayed pulse trains were capable of pacing the breathing rate by terminating the E phase and also of triggering a consistent stereotypical inspiratory PNG pattern, even when evoked during apnea. This property suggests that the I-phase pattern generator functions in a monostable circuit mode with a stable E phase and a transient I phase. Thus the I-pattern generator must contain neurons with nonlinear pacemaker-like properties, which allow the network to rapidly obtain a full on-state followed by relatively slow inactivation. The activated network can be further modulated and supplies excitatory drive to the neurons involved with pattern generation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A circumscribed subregion of the pontine medial parabrachial nucleus plays a key role in the control of breathing frequency primarily via changes in expiratory duration. Excitation of this subregion triggers the onset of the inspiratory phase, resulting in a stereotypical ramplike phrenic activity pattern independent of time within the expiratory phase. The ability to pace the I-burst rate suggests that the in vivo I-pattern generating network must contain functioning pacemaker neurons.

Screen‐Printed Flexible Strain Sensors with Ag Nanowires for Intelligent and Tamper‐Evident Packaging Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1901097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng‐Hai Ke ◽  
Pan‐Wang Guo ◽  
Chuan‐Yuan Pang ◽  
Bin Tian ◽  
Cheng‐Sheng Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Ag Nanowires ◽  
Screen Printed

Highly sensitive screen printed strain sensors on flexible substrates via ink composition optimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickolas Anderson ◽  
Nicole Szorc ◽  
Vimal Gunasekaran ◽  
Shiv Joshi ◽  
Gregory Jursich
Keyword(s):  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Flexible Substrates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Composition Optimization ◽  
Screen Printed

scholarly journals Highly Multifunctional GNP/Epoxy Nanocomposites: From Strain-Sensing to Joule Heating Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2431
Author(s):  
Xoan F. Sánchez-Romate ◽  
Alejandro Sans ◽  
Alberto Jiménez-Suárez ◽  
Mónica Campo ◽  
Alejandro Ureña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Joule Heating ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Sonication Time ◽  
Strain Sensing ◽  
Strain Monitoring ◽  
Radar Chart ◽  
Nanofiller Content

A performance mapping of GNP/epoxy composites was developed according to their electromechanical and electrothermal properties for applications as strain sensors and Joule heaters. To achieve this purpose, a deep theoretical and experimental study of the thermal and electrical conductivity of nanocomposites has been carried out, determining the influence of both nanofiller content and sonication time. Concerning dispersion procedure, at lower contents, higher sonication times induce a decrease of thermal and electrical conductivity due to a more prevalent GNP breakage effect. However, at higher GNP contents, sonication time implies an enhancement of both electrical and thermal properties due to a prevalence of exfoliating mechanisms. Strain monitoring tests indicate that electrical sensitivity increases in an opposite way than electrical conductivity, due to a higher prevalence of tunneling mechanisms, with the 5 wt.% specimens being those with the best results. Moreover, Joule heating tests showed the dominant role of electrical mechanisms on the effectiveness of resistive heating, with the 8 wt.% GNP samples being those with the best capabilities. By taking the different functionalities into account, it can be concluded that 5 wt.% samples with 1 h sonication time are the most balanced for electrothermal applications, as shown in a radar chart.

Morphological and Electrical Properties of Stretched Nanoparticle Layers

2015 ◽  
Vol 644 ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Ivančo ◽  
Karol Végsö ◽  
Peter Šiffalovič ◽  
Dmytro Kostiuk ◽  
Yurij Halahovets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Interparticle Distance ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Au Nanoparticle ◽  
Gauge Factor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Distance Change

To examine perspectives of nanoparticle films in the role of active elements in strain sensors, morphological and electrical properties of self-assembled Au nanoparticle monolayer prepared by modified Langmuir-Schaefer technique onto supporting Mylar foil were studied under elongation. Along the probing of electrical response (characterized by the gauge factor of about 60), the small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) characterization assessed an average interparticle distance change, which was shown to vary proportionally to the substrate elongation. The approach allowed to unambiguously address the mechanism of the deformation-resistivity transduction.

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