Optimal time of use of renewable electricity pricing: Three-player games model

The increasing penetration of renewable electricity generation is complicating the bidding and estimating processes of electricity prices, partly due to the shift of the overall cost sensitivity from operation (fuel) costs to investment costs. However, cost minimization models for capacity expansion are frequently based on the principle that, for a perfectly adapted system allowing non-served energy, marginal remuneration allows overall operation and investments costs recovery. In addition, these models are usually formulated as finite-horizon problems when they should be theoretically solved for infinite horizons under the assumption of companies’ infinite lifespan, but infinite horizon cannot be dealt with mathematical programming since it requires finite sets. Previous approaches have tried to overcome this drawback with finite horizon models that tend asymptotically to the original infinite ones and, in many cases, the investment costs are annualized based on the plants’ lifespan, sometimes including a cost residual value. This paper proposes a novel approach with a finite horizon that guarantees the investment costs’ recovery. It is also able to obtain the marginal electricity costs of the original infinite horizon model, without the need for residual values or non-served energy. This new approach is especially suited for long-term electricity pricing with investments in renewable assets when non-served demand is banned or when no explicit capacity remuneration mechanisms are considered.

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Investigations on skeletal growth zones via bone scans as base of determination of optimal time for surgery in mandibular asymmetry

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1632257 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 39 (05) ◽

pp. 121-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Werz ◽

P. Reuland

Keyword(s):

Bone Growth ◽

Region Of Interest ◽

Tracer Uptake ◽

Optimal Time ◽

Mandibular Bone ◽

The Third ◽

Mandibular Asymmetry ◽

Bone Scans ◽

Epiphyseal Plates

Summary Aim of the study was to find out wether there is a common stop of growth of mandibular bone, so that no individual determination of the optimal time for surgery in patients with asymmetric mandibular bone growth is needed. As there are no epiphyseal plates in the mandibular bone, stop of growth cannot be determined on X-ray films. Methods: Bone scans of 731 patients [687 patients (324 male, 363 female) under 39 y for exact determination of end of growth and 44 (21 male, 23 female) patients over 40 y for evaluation of nongrowth dependant differences in tracer uptake] were reviewed for the study. All the patients were examined 3 hours after injection of 99mTc-DPD. Tracer uptake was measured by region of interest technique in different points of the mandibular bone and in several epiphyseal plates of extremities. Results: Tracer uptake in different epiphyseal plates of the extremities shows strong variation with age and good correlation with reported data of bone growth and closure of the epiphyseal plates. The relative maximum of bone activity is smaller in mandibular bone than in epiphyseal plates, which show well defined peaks, ending at 15-18 years in females and at 18-21 years in males. In contrast, mandibular bone shows no well defined end of growing but a gradually reduction of bone activity which remains higher than bone activity in epiphyseal plates over several years. Conclusion: No well defined end of growth of mandibular bone exists. The optimal age for surgery of asymmetric mandibular bone growth is not before the middle of the third decade of life, bone scans performed earlier for determination of bone growth can be omitted. Bone scans performed at the middle of the third decade of life help to optimize the time of surgical intervention.

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RESULTS OF TESTICULAR BIOPSIES IN CRYPTORCHIDISM, CONCERNING OPTIMAL TIME OF TREATMENT

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.049s015 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 49 (4_Suppl) ◽

pp. S15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. Ch. Hecker ◽

R. Daum ◽

H. Hienz ◽

O. Heiderer

Keyword(s):

Optimal Time

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Certain important aspects of the prevention of pathologies of labor activity in obstetric practice (Сlinical lecture)

HEALTH OF WOMAN ◽

10.15574/hw.2016.116.11 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 11-18

Author(s):

L. Nazarenko ◽

◽

L. Dubrova ◽

O. Tarusмna ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Review Article ◽

Optimal Time ◽

Safe Method ◽

Individual Approach ◽

Obstetric Practice ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Time To Delivery ◽

Ripening Of The Cervix

The question of the prevention of pathologies of the labor is currently very important, the answer to them has become the favored formation of «dominants of delivery», choice of the optimal time to delivery, effective and safe method of induction, that promotes the promptness of the female organism and ripening of the cervix, as well as the timely identification and correction of pathological prelмmмnary period. In a review article describes the modern approaches and methods of preventing the pathology of labor activity, presented by the authors ‘ own experience regarding the use of prostaglandins, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, individual approach to the management of perinatal risk. Key words: childbirth, prevention, induction, prostaglandin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

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