To optimize radio resource allocation, the game theory is utilized as a powerful tool because its characteristic can be adaptive to the distribution characteristics of in heterogeneous small cell networks (HSCNs). This chapter summarizes the recent achievements for the game theory based radio resource allocation in HSCNs, where macro base stations (MBSs) and dense small cell base stations (SBSs) share the same frequency spectrum and interfere with each other. Two kinds of game models are introduced to optimize the radio resource allocation, namely the non-cooperative Stackelberg and the cooperative coalition. System models, optimization problem formulation, problem solution, and simulation results for these two kinds of game models are presented. Particularly, the Stackelberg models for HSCNs are presented with the Stackelberg equilibrium and the closed-form expressions. The coalition formations for traditional HCSNs, cloud small cell networks, and heterogeneous cloud small cell networks are introduced. Simulation results are shown to demonstrate the proposed game theory based radio resource optimization strategies converged and efficient.
Energy-efficient resource allocation for ultra-dense licensed and unlicensed dual-access small cell networks
