AbstractIn this review paper, the turbulence of the channel through which the light photons are scattered has been modeled. The channel here is essentially the lower lithosphere. A two-step algorithm called the Method of Expectation–Maximization has been used for the analysis and calculations of the parameters involved. Statistical methods have been used to check temporal correlation and the tolerance of the communication system involved. The simulations and results have been presented and the conclusions show decent performance. The approaches have been applied to the UV scattering channel experiment, NLOS experiment and for link gain at a distance of 0.5 km.
