Mutually Responsive Orientation Between Mothers and Their Young Children: A Context for the Early Development of Conscience

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazyna Kochanska
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Early School ◽  
Early Parent ◽  
Parent Child

Some parent–child dyads establish a mutually responsive orientation (MRO), a relationship that is close, mutually binding, cooperative, and affectively positive. Such relationships have two main characteristics—mutual responsiveness and shared positive affect—and they foster the development of conscience in young children. Children growing up with parents who are responsive to their needs and whose interactions are infused with happy emotions adopt a willing, responsive stance toward parental influence and become eager to embrace parental values and standards for behavior. The concurrent and longitudinal beneficial effects of MRO for early development of conscience have been replicated across studies, for a broad range of developmental periods from infancy through early school age, and using a wide variety of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive measures of conscience in the laboratory, at home, and in school. These findings highlight the importance of the early parent–child relationship for subsequent moral development.

scholarly journals Parenting and Child Development: A Relational Health Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Frosch ◽  
Sarah J. Schoppe-Sullivan ◽  
D. David O’Banion
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Relational Health ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Parent Health ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Early Parent ◽  
Parent Child

A child’s development is embedded within a complex system of relationships. Among the many relationships that influence children’s growth and development, perhaps the most influential is the one that exists between parent and child. Recognition of the critical importance of early parent-child relationship quality for children’s socioemotional, cognitive, neurobiological, and health outcomes has contributed to a shift in efforts to identify relational determinants of child outcomes. Recent efforts to extend models of relational health to the field of child development highlight the role that parent, child, and contextual factors play in supporting the development and maintenance of healthy parent-child relationships. This review presents a parent-child relational health perspective on development, with an emphasis on socioemotional outcomes in early childhood, along with brief attention to obesity and eating behavior as a relationally informed health outcome. Also emphasized here is the parent–health care provider relationship as a context for supporting healthy outcomes within families as well as screening and intervention efforts to support optimal relational health within families, with the goal of improving mental and physical health within our communities.

Diagnosis, Classification and Treament of Psychopathology in Infants and Toddlers: Incorporating an Infant Mental Health Approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
P. Shah ◽  
M.C. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Infant Mental Health ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Behavioral Disturbances ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Behavioral Concerns ◽  
Relational Framework ◽  
Parent Child

Aims:This workshop will present a theoretical framework to conceptualize early childhood behavior problems in the context of the early parent-child relationship, and will demonstrate how this relational framework can be used to diagnose, classify, and treat child behavior concerns in children under the age of five.Background:There is increasing evidence to suggest that a significant number of very young children manifest signs of early psychopathology, and that behavioral problems that emerge early are likely to persist, and warrant further assessment and intervention. One of the challenges to identifying early psychopathology in young children is how to diagnose and classify early behavioral disturbances using a developmental and relational framework.Methods:This presentation will describe an “infant mental health approach” to diagnose and intervene with young children with behavioral concerns. This comprehensive model of behavioral assessment incorporates an assessment of the parent's perceptions of the child, observations of dyadic interactions, and utilizes a developmental context to diagnose, classify and treat early behavioral concerns in children under the age of five. Using the DC 0-3R, this model will highlight how an understanding of child behavior in the context of the parent-child relationship can be a helpful framework to diagnose and treat early behavioral disturbances in children under the age of 5. Participants will learn how to identify vulnerabilities in the parent-child relationship, how to diagnose and conceptualize early psychopathology in young children, and how to formulate interventions to support dyads at risk.

scholarly journals Parent-Child Dyads with Greater Parenting Stress Exhibit Enhanced Inter-Brain Synchrony During Shared Play

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atiqah Azhari ◽  
Andrea Bizzego ◽  
Gianluca Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Fixed Length ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Parent Child

Abstract Parent-child dyads who are mutually attuned to each other during social interactions display interpersonal synchrony that can be observed overtly, in the form of joint behaviours, and biologically, such as through the temporal coordination of brain signals called inter-brain synchrony. Joint play provides ample opportunities for parent-child dyads to engage in matching interactions which not just facilitate the formation of bonds but also alleviate parenting stress in caregivers. Despite the beneficial effects of play on parents and the parent-child relationship, no study has investigated the dyadic neural mechanism by which this occurs. The present functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) study aimed to examine the association between parenting stress and inter-brain synchrony in the prefrontal cortex of 31 mother-child and 29 father-child dyads while they engaged in shared play for 10 minutes. Shared play was miro-analytically coded into joint (i.e., in-phase matching of dyadic behaviours) and non-joint (i.e., no matching of dyadic behaviours) segments. Inter-brain synchrony was computed using cross-correlations over 15 s, 20 s, 25 s, 30 s and 35 s fixed-length windows of joint and non-joint play segments. Analyses of Covariance revealed that dyads with more parenting stress exhibited greater inter-brain synchrony in the frontal left cluster of the prefrontal cortex, but only for the 35 s fixed-length window. This finding suggests that continuous and positive instances of joint play may disproportionately benefit dyads who reported greater parenting stress, entraining underlying brain activation patterns involved in social cognition. Mother-child dyads also showed greater inter-brain synchrony than father-child dyads, alluding to possible gender differences in the effect of play on dyads. Findings present evidence of a potential dyadic neural pathway by which play benefits the parent-child relationship.

Shaping Values

Family Values ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Brighouse ◽  
Adam Swift
Keyword(s):  
Parental Influence ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right ◽  
Parent Child ◽  
What Matters

This chapter focuses on the need to protect children from excessive parental influence, while respecting the interest that both parents and children have in the right kind of parent–child relationship. It challenges widespread views about the extent of parents' rights to influence their children's emerging views of the world and what matters in it. Children are separate people, with their own lives to lead, and the right to make, and act on, their own judgments about how they are to live those lives. They are not the property of their parents. And because they are not property, and yet parents are accorded such power over them, it is wrong for parents to treat them as vehicles for their own self-expression, or as means to the realization of their own views on controversial questions about how to live. The desire to extend oneself into the future, and to influence the shape that future takes, can be satisfied in other ways, without a parent relying on that authority over her children that is justified on other grounds.

How Parents Influence Junior Tennis Players’ Development: Qualitative Narratives

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Lauer ◽  
Daniel Gould ◽  
Nathan Roman ◽  
Marguerite Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Parental Influence ◽  
Talent Development ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Junior Tennis ◽  
Professional Tennis ◽  
Involved Parents ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Parent Child

Junior tennis coaches commonly argue that parents must push their children and be very involved to develop their talent, despite the strain on the parent-child relationship that may occur from these tactics. To examine parental influence on talent development and the parent-child relationship, nine professional tennis players, eight parents, and eight coaches were retrospectively interviewed about each player’s junior development based Bloom’s three stages of talent development (1985). Results are presented through aggregated, nonfiction stories of three tennis development pathways: smooth, difficult, and turbulent. Smooth pathways were typical of parents who were supportive and maintained a healthy parent-child relationship while facilitating talent development. Difficult and turbulent pathways involved parents who stressed the importance of tennis and created pressure by pushing their child toward winning and talent development. For difficult pathways, parent-child relationships were negatively affected but conflicts were mostly resolved, whereas for turbulent pathways, many conflicts remained unresolved.

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