Parenting Relationship Between Parents and Family to Pre-School Child Development

Departemen Kesehatan RI melaporkan bahwa 0,4 juta (16%) balita Indonesia mengalami gangguan perkembangan, baik perkembangan motorik halus dan kasar, gangguan pendengaran, kecerdasan kurang dan keterlambatan bicara. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan anak adalah pola asuh orang tua dan keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola asuh orang tua dengan keluarga terhadap perkembangan anak usia pra sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 85 responden. Penelitian ini dilakukan di TK Kecamatan Sekongkang . Alat pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji Spearman’s Rho. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, peneliti dapat menyimpulkan bahwa sebagian orang tua dengan pola asuh demokrasi sebanyak 29 orang (67,4%), sebagian besar responden keluarga dengan pola asuh demokrasi sebanyak 24 orang (57,1%), sebagian besar responden dengan perkembangan anak usia prasekolah kategori normal sebanyak 83 orang anak(97,6%). Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik Spearman’s Rho didapatkan nilai p value 0,001 < α=0,05 yang menunjukan ada hubungan antara pengasuh keluarga dengan orang tua terhadap perkembangan anak dan termasuk dalam kategori kekuatan hubungan rendah.

Preschool education

The purpose of the textbook is to form a circle of basic concepts included in the topic of preschool education, to give an overview of the existing features of working with preschool children for future employees of this field of education. The history of the development of preschool pedagogy abroad and in our country is described in detail, the calendar of child development is given, the issues of the specifics of working with children with developmental disabilities are considered, recommendations are given on the organization of various activities within the framework of the work, and attention is paid to the issues of quality control of preschool education. It is addressed to students studying under the specialty program 44.02.01 "Preschool education".

More Money, More Problems? Addressing the Funding Conditions Required for Rights-Based Child Welfare Services in England

Policymakers and academics continue to debate the criteria used in formulas to allocate funding to children’s services, but few studies have considered how well the results of these formulas align with rights-based entitlements and commitments after implementation. This research measured correspondence between local authority spending per child and levels of income deprivation, special educational needs, and child development from 2011–2019 to assess the extent to which funding matches local authorities’ statutory responsibilities to provide support to children ‘in need’ under the Children Act 1989. There was weak and worsening correspondence between funding and needs, especially for preventative services.

Cognitive-behavioral intervention for the management of symptoms associated with divorce in children

The family is the basis of human development, it is the social context that provides the necessary conditions for children to acquire their autonomy at all levels; in addition to the necessary physical care to guarantee their survival. The family is the one that provides the essential affective climate so that there is a process that changes the biological being that is a baby, in a person, in a biopsychosocial being. Marriage arguments emotionally deplete parents and diminish their interest in the emotional needs of their children, who may understand it as rejection or absence of affection, very detrimental to their personal growth. Additionally, marital conflict decreases the parents ability to integrate and participate socially. The provision of affective and emotional stability that child development requires can be seriously threatened by the separation or divorce of the parents, it affects children in the form of coping they use in stressful situations, in the formation of the attachment process, the affective and emotional stability required for child development and how they respond to changes in the family.

Adaptation of the INTERGROWTH-21st neurodevelopment assessment (INTER-NDA) to the context of the English-speaking Caribbean

Background Adaptation of standardized early child development (ECD) assessments to low- and middle-income countries can be challenging because of culture-specific factors relating to language, content, context, and tool administration, and because the reliance of these tests on specialist healthcare professionals limits their scalability in low resource settings. Methods We report the cross-cultural adaptation of an international, standardized ECD instrument, the INTERGROWTH-21st Project Neurodevelopment Assessment (INTER-NDA), measuring cognitive, language, motor and behavioural outcomes in 2-year-olds, from a UK-based English-speaking population to the English-speaking Caribbean. Children aged 22-30 months were recruited from a pre-existing randomized controlled neurodevelopment intervention study in Grenada, West Indies. Results Eight of 37 INTER-NDA items (22%) were culturally and linguistically adapted for implementation in the Caribbean context. Protocol adherence across seven newly-trained non-specialist child development assessors was 89.9%; six of the seven assessors scored ≥80%. Agreement between the expert assessor and the non-specialist child development assessors was substantial (κ = 0.89 to 1.00 (95% CI [0.58, 1.00]). The inter-rater and test-retest reliability for non-specialist child development assessors was between κ = 0.99 -1.00 (95% CI [0.98, 0.99]) and κ = 0.76 - 1.00 (95% CI [0.33, 1.00]) across all INTER-NDA domains. Conclusions The current study provides evidence to support the use of the adapted INTER-NDA by trained, non-specialist assessors to measure ECD prevalence in the English-speaking Caribbean. It also provides a methodological template for the adaptation of child developmental measures to cultural and linguistic contexts that conform to the cultural standards of the countries in which they are utilized to aid in the measurement of neurodevelopmental impairments (NDIs) in a variety of global clinical settings.

Konseling dengan Teknik Demonstrasi untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Toilet Training pada Anak

ABSTRACT: COUNSELING WITH DEMONSTRATION TECHNIQUES TO IMPROVE ABILITY TOILET TRAINING FOR CHILDREN Abstract: Toilet training is a form of business carried out with the aim of controlling defecation (chapters) and urination (tub) which is carried out in children, this activity is carried out with the hope that children are able to prevent the occurrence of delays in controlling chapters and tubs. Children need to get attention, especially in the elements of growth and development that are carried out from the beginning of child development. So that the formation of children with abilities and qualities with great categories will achieve the future of children with superior categories so as to produce healthy and intelligent children.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of demonstration technique counseling to improve toilet training abilities in children. Methods: This research was conducted with a quantitative type of research where the design used was a pre-experimental design using the One Group Pre-Test and Post-Test approaches. Results: The univariate results of this study obtained the characteristics of respondents from 15 respondents, most of the respondents, namely 11 respondents (73.3%) were at the age of 5 years. For the results of the bivariate analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test statistical test, the p value (value) = 0.001 <0.05.Conclusion: the conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of counseling with demonstration techniques to improve toilet training abilities in children. Keywords: Counseling, Demonstration, Toilet Training INTISARI: KONSELING DENGAN TEKNIK DEMONSTRASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN TOILET TRAINING PADA ANAK Pendahuluan: Toilet training ialah suatu bentuk usaha yang dilakukan dengan tujuan mengontrol buang air besar (bab) dan buang air kecil (bak) yang dilaksanakan pada anak, kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan harapan anak mampu mencegah terjadinya kondisi keterlambatan mengontrol bab dan bak. Anak perlu mendapatkan perhatian terutama dalam unsur tumbuh kembangnya yang dilakukan sejak awal perkembangan anak. Sehingga akan terbentuknya anak-anak dengan kemampuan dan kualitas dengan kategori hebat sehingga akan tercapainya masa depan anak dengan kategori unggul sehingga menghasilkan anak-anak yang sehat dan cerdas.Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini diketahui pengaruh konseling teknik demonstrasi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan toilet training pada anak. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dimana desain yang digunakan ialah dengan desain pra eksperimen dengan menggunakan pendekatan One Group Pre-Test dan Post-Test. Hasil: Hasil univariat dari penelitian ini didapatkan karakteristik responden dari 15 responden sebagian besar responden yaitu 11 responden (73,3%) berada pada usia 5 tahun. Untuk hasil analisis bivariat dengan menggunakan uji statistik Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test diperoleh nilai p (value) = 0,001 < 0,05.Kesimpulan: kesimpulan penelitian ini ialah ada pengaruh konseling dengan teknik demonstrasi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan toilet training pada anak. Kata kunci: Konseling, Demonstrasi, Toilet training