Response of near-isogenic sorghum lines, differing at thePlocus for plant colour, to grain mould and head smut fungi

2013 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L. Funnell-Harris ◽  
L.K. Prom ◽  
S.E. Sattler ◽  
J.F. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Head Smut ◽  
Plant Colour

Ultrastructure of meiosis and the spindle pole body cycle in freeze-substituted basidia of the smut fungi Ustilago maydis and Ustilago avenae

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spindle Pole Body ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Spindle Pole ◽  
Meiotic Spindle ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Late Prophase ◽  
Prophase I ◽  
Pole Body ◽  
Middle Piece

Meiosis in the smut fungi Ustilago maydis and Ustilago avenae (Basidiomycota, Ustilaginales) was studied by electron microscopy of serial-sectioned freeze substituted basidia. At prophase I, a spindle pole body composed of two globular elements connected by a middle piece was attached to the extranuclear surface of each nucleus. Astral and spindle microtubules were initiated at each globular element at late prophase I to prometaphase I. During spindle initiation, the middle piece disappeared and interdigitating half-spindles entered the nucleoplasm, which was surrounded by discontinuous nuclear envelope together with perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum. Kinetochore pairs at metaphase I were analyzed to obtain a karyotype for each species. The meiotic spindle pole body replicational cycle is described. Key words: electron microscopy, freeze-substitution, meiosis, Ustilago, spindle pole body.

scholarly journals The genetics ofUstilago maydis

1961 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Microbial Genetics ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Haploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
The Individual

1. Many of the Ustilaginales, or smut fungi, appear to have the qualities necessary for the application of modern techniques of microbial genetics.Ustilago maydisis considered the most suitable species.2. Investigations of the mating system confirm reports that the production of diploid brandspores in the host is controlled by alleles at two loci.3. Genetic markers were obtained by inducing mutations in a wild-type strain with ultra-violet light. Of 100 biochemical mutants which were isolated, the growth requirements of 94 were identified. Thirty of these were used in genetic tests.4. The compact growth of colonies on artificial media allowed new techniques to be developed by means of which large samples of progeny could be isolated and identified easily. The analysis of brandspore colonies consisting of the products of single meiotic divisions is the quickest method for detecting linkage, but its accurate measurement appears to be achieved by examining the individual members of tetrads.5. Linkage was detected relatively rarely, but eight markers, including theamating-type locus, were assigned to one or other of two linkage groups. Although recombination values were not always determined accurately owing to irregular basidiospore germination, the auxotrophic markers in each group could be mapped in a linear order. Since no indication of other linkage groups was obtained, the genetic evidence is so far consistent with cytological reports that the basic haploid chromosome number is two in the smut fungi.6. Three linked markers were used to investigate chromatid interference by tetrad analysis. None was detected in a total of eighteen double exchanges.

scholarly journals Cophylogeny of the anther smut fungi and their caryophyllaceous hosts: Prevalence of host shifts and importance of delimiting parasite species for inferring cospeciation

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guislaine Refrégier ◽  
Mickaël Le Gac ◽  
Florian Jabbour ◽  
Alex Widmer ◽  
Jacqui A Shykoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Host Shifts ◽  
Anther Smut

Reaction of Hordeum species to the smut fungi Ustilago nuda and U. tritici

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2024-2027 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Chilense ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Cultivated Barley ◽  
Ustilago Nuda ◽  
Hordeum Species ◽  
Eleven Species

Eleven species of Hordeum were tested for their reaction to Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr. and U. tritici (Pers.) Rostr., the causes of the embryo-infecting loose smuts of cultivated barley and wheat, respectively. The species Hordeum chilense and H. depressum were resistant, while H. euclaston, H. halophilum, H. procerum, H. pusillum, and H. stenostachys were susceptible to both fungi. Hordeum muticum was susceptible only to U. nuda, while H. arizonicum, H. lechleri, and H. roshevitzii were susceptible only to U. tritici. The susceptible species are new hosts for these pathogens. It is proposed that these results, together with those of an earlier study, indicate that U. nuda evolved from U. tritici.

Importance of diseases in herbage seed production

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
G.C.M. Latch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Head Smut ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Suggested Keywords ◽  
Production Diseases

Yield and quality of herbage seed can be affected by many diseases. In New Zealand the most important diseases of grasses are rusts, especially stem rust on ryegrasses, cocksfoot and timothy; head smut of bromes; and ergot of paspalum. Blind-seed disease is of minor importance on ryegrass at present. Clover yield can be affected by rot, scorch and stem nematode. These diseases and others are discussed in relation to changing farming practices, and disease control measures are suggested. Keywords: Herbage seed production, diseases, Puccinia graminis, Ustilago bullata, Claviceps paspali, Gloeotinia temulenta

scholarly journals Evolutionary strata on young mating-type chromosomes despite the lack of sexual antagonism

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (27) ◽  
pp. 7067-7072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Branco ◽  
Hélène Badouin ◽  
Ricardo C. Rodríguez de la Vega ◽  
Jérôme Gouzy ◽  
Fantin Carpentier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Sexual Antagonism ◽  
Recombination Suppression ◽  
Ancestral Gene ◽  
Anther Smut ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Suppressed Recombination

Sex chromosomes can display successive steps of recombination suppression known as “evolutionary strata,” which are thought to result from the successive linkage of sexually antagonistic genes to sex-determining genes. However, there is little evidence to support this explanation. Here we investigate whether evolutionary strata can evolve without sexual antagonism using fungi that display suppressed recombination extending beyond loci determining mating compatibility despite lack of male/female roles associated with their mating types. By comparing full-length chromosome assemblies from five anther-smut fungi with or without recombination suppression in their mating-type chromosomes, we inferred the ancestral gene order and derived chromosomal arrangements in this group. This approach shed light on the chromosomal fusion underlying the linkage of mating-type loci in fungi and provided evidence for multiple clearly resolved evolutionary strata over a range of ages (0.9–2.1 million years) in mating-type chromosomes. Several evolutionary strata did not include genes involved in mating-type determination. The existence of strata devoid of mating-type genes, despite the lack of sexual antagonism, calls for a unified theory of sex-related chromosome evolution, incorporating, for example, the influence of partially linked deleterious mutations and the maintenance of neutral rearrangement polymorphism due to balancing selection on sexes and mating types.

scholarly journals Two new records of smut fungi for Panama and new combinations into the genus Tolyposporium

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 03-10
Author(s):  
Meike Piepenbring ◽  
Efsun Yilmaz ◽  
Jascha L.F. Weisenborn
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
New Combinations

scholarly journals Experiments on the physiology and genetics of the smut fungi. Cultural characters. Part I.—Their permanence and segregation

1928 ◽  
Vol 103 (726) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Ustilago Hordei ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Considerable Discussion

For some time the permanence of the characters of fungi when grown on artificial media has been the subject of research, and considerable discussion has taken place on the origin of new forms (saltation). Many types have been studied but there has been no case as yet in which the characters of the parent organisms or of the saltants have been shown to be inherited in a fashion similar to those of the higher plants and animals. The investigation, the results of which are being published under the above general heading, was begun in 1925, and had as its objects ( a ) the solution of the question whether any cultural characters found were inherited along mendelian lines, and ( b ) the breeding of certain strains for use in physiological experiments. The organisms used were the Covered Smut of Oats ( Ustilago levis , Kell. et Sw.) and the Covered Smut of Barley ( Ustilago hordei , Pers.). Certain cultural characters have been determined and experiments have been made which suggest that such characters are inherited in a Mendelian fashion. The first part of this evidence will be given here, namely evidence which suggests that the cytoplasm has no determining influence on these characters, evidence which shows that the characters of the strains have remained constant during the progress of the investigation, and, lastly, evidence from which it may be deduced that the segregation of these characters may occur in either of the "reduction divisions."

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