scholarly journals Disentangling craving‐ and valence‐related brain responses to smoking cues in individuals with nicotine use disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelie Haugg ◽  
Andrei Manoliu ◽  
Ronald Sladky ◽  
Lea M. Hulka ◽  
Matthias Kirschner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Responses ◽  
Smoking Cues

Nicotine Dependence and Craving Predict Brain Responses to Smoking Cues

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis J. McClernon ◽  
Rachel V. Kozink ◽  
Jed E. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Smoking Cues

Sex differences in brain responses to smoking cues: A perfusion fMRI study

2014 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. e241
Author(s):  
Reagan R. Wetherill ◽  
Kimberly A. Young ◽  
K. Jagannathan ◽  
J. Shin ◽  
C.P. O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Smoking Cues

scholarly journals Disentangling craving- and valence-driven brain responses to smoking cues in individuals with nicotine use disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelie Haugg ◽  
Andrei Manoliu ◽  
Ronald Sladky ◽  
Lea M Hulka ◽  
Matthias Kirschner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Smoking Cues

Tobacco smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death and disease worldwide. Most smokers want to quit, but relapse rates are high. To improve current smoking cessation treatments, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of nicotine dependence and related craving behavior is needed. Studies on cue-driven cigarette craving have been a particularly useful tool for investigating the neural mechanisms of drug craving. Here, functional neuroimaging studies in humans have identified a core network of craving-related brain responses to smoking cues that comprises of amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and ventral striatum. However, most functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) cue-reactivity studies do not adjust their stimuli for emotional valence, a factor assumed to confound craving-driven brain responses to smoking cues. Here, we investigated the influence of emotional valence on key addiction brain areas by disentangling craving- and valence-related brain responses with parametric modulators in 32 smokers. For one of the suggested key regions for addiction, the amygdala, we observed significantly stronger brain responses to the valence aspect of the presented images than to the craving aspect. Our results emphasize the need for carefully selecting stimulus material for cue-reactivity paradigms, in particular with respect to emotional valence. Further, they can help designing future research on teasing apart the diverse psychological dimensions that comprise nicotine dependence, and, therefore, can lead to a more precise mapping of craving-associated brain areas, an important step towards more tailored smoking cessation treatments.

scholarly journals Brain Responses to Smoking Cues Differ Based on Nicotine Metabolism Rate

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Falcone ◽  
Wen Cao ◽  
Leah Bernardo ◽  
Rachel F. Tyndale ◽  
James Loughead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Metabolism ◽  
Metabolism Rate ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Smoking Cues

scholarly journals The impact of sex on brain responses to smoking cues: a perfusion fMRI study

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reagan R Wetherill ◽  
Kimberly A Young ◽  
Kanchana Jagannathan ◽  
Joshua Shin ◽  
Charles P O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Responses ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Smoking Cues ◽  
The Impact

Behavior in the Brain

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Monti ◽  
Adrian M. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Minimally Conscious ◽  
Brain Insults ◽  
Brain Behavior

Recent evidence has suggested that functional neuroimaging may play a crucial role in assessing residual cognition and awareness in brain injury survivors. In particular, brain insults that compromise the patient’s ability to produce motor output may render standard clinical testing ineffective. Indeed, if patients were aware but unable to signal so via motor behavior, they would be impossible to distinguish, at the bedside, from vegetative patients. Considering the alarming rate with which minimally conscious patients are misdiagnosed as vegetative, and the severe medical, legal, and ethical implications of such decisions, novel tools are urgently required to complement current clinical-assessment protocols. Functional neuroimaging may be particularly suited to this aim by providing a window on brain function without requiring patients to produce any motor output. Specifically, the possibility of detecting signs of willful behavior by directly observing brain activity (i.e., “brain behavior”), rather than motoric output, allows this approach to reach beyond what is observable at the bedside with standard clinical assessments. In addition, several neuroimaging studies have already highlighted neuroimaging protocols that can distinguish automatic brain responses from willful brain activity, making it possible to employ willful brain activations as an index of awareness. Certainly, neuroimaging in patient populations faces some theoretical and experimental difficulties, but willful, task-dependent, brain activation may be the only way to discriminate the conscious, but immobile, patient from the unconscious one.

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