Country- and individual-level determinants of probable problematic gambling in adolescence: a multi-level cross-national comparison

In Sacred and Secular (2011 [2004]) Norris and Inglehart argued that improvements in material living conditions and higher degrees of existential security lead to a decline in religiousness both on the macro-level of the comparison between countries and on the individual level. Since then, a number of studies have examined this relationship and confirmed the assumptions of the existential security thesis. This article revisits this thesis using data from the sixth wave of the World Values Survey (2010–2014). The multi-level analysis reveals two key results. Consistent with previous studies, a strong correlation was found between better life conditions and lower levels of religiousness on the macro-level. Individual life conditions and threatening experiences, however, have only a very small impact on religiousness. Possible explanations for the discrepancy between macro-level and micro-level results are discussed in the final section.

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The news framing of the ‘Syria fighters’ in Flanders and the Netherlands: Victims or terrorists?

Ethnicities ◽

10.1177/1468796815603753 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 798-818 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Anna Berbers ◽

Willem Joris ◽

Jan Boesman ◽

Leen d’Haenens ◽

Joyce Koeman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Social Identification ◽

Framing Analysis ◽

Preliminary Step ◽

National Comparison ◽

The Subject ◽

Multi Level ◽

Negative Sense ◽

Level Analysis ◽

Cross National

In this article we present a cross-national comparison of framing of the issue of the ‘Syria fighters’ in Flanders and the Netherlands. We examine this topic using inductive and deductive framing analysis and interpret the results in terms of the advocates expressing the frames and the newspapers they were published in. We argue that variation in frame use can be explained by considering the background and social identification of the frame advocates. Furthermore, the subject of the ‘Syria fighters’ is depicted as mostly relating to (Islamic) religious motives and the overall societal construction is relatively one-sided and problematized in a negative sense. This article serves as a preliminary step to a multi-level analysis of societal discourse on integration-related issues in online and offline networks, with an emphasis on Moroccan minorities in Flanders and the Netherlands.

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Health Inequalities in British Nurses using Census derived databases linked to an adjusted UK Index of Multiple Deprivation

International Journal for Population Data Science ◽

10.23889/ijpds.v3i4.613 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Will Ball ◽

Richard Kyle ◽

Iain Atherton ◽

Nadine Dougall

Keyword(s):

Health Outcomes ◽

Area Deprivation ◽

Inequalities In Health ◽

Multiple Deprivation ◽

Individual Level ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

National Comparison ◽

The Uk ◽

Index Of Multiple Deprivation ◽

Cross National

IntroductionScottish health outcomes are worse than in England and Wales. This variation remains after controlling for deprivation, which explains less excess mortality now than previously. Alternative cross-national deprivation measures have limitations which may explain some of this trend. Recent policy interventions to reduce inequalities have not been effective. Objectives and ApproachThis study aims to test a recently developed measure of area deprivation, the UK adjusted Index of Multiple Deprivation which has been linked to National Census derived Longitudinal Studies in England, Wales and Scotland. This adjusted measure is consistent across UK countries and addresses some limitations of previously utilised area measures of deprivation. This study also aims to test whether characteristics of Nurses are protective against inequalities in health. This study will test whether Nurses are more socio-economically homogenous and whether higher health literacy is protective against the social gradient in health outcomes. Results(1) Comparing Nurses to Non-Nurses in Scotland we found that they have systematically different demographic characteristics. Nurses are; older on average, more likely to be female, more likely to own their home, more likely to live in less deprived areas and they report better self-rated health. (1a) Correlation tests will examine the strength of relationship between health and Deprivation quintile for these groups. (2) Comparing Self-Rated Health of Scottish Nurses with English and Welsh Nurses will determine whether any ‘excess’ in worse health outcomes exists and (2a) if an excess does exist, whether the UK consistent deprivation measure can account for this. Analysis is currently ongoing and will be completed, with full results cleared for dissemination through disclosure control, prior to conference. Conclusion/ImplicationsThis study implements methods which provide a basis for cross-national comparison of inequalities using individual-level data and a consistent measure of area deprivation. Results from this study may also permit recommendations to improve the effectiveness of policy aimed at improving population health and reducing socio-economic inequalities in health.

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Perceptual versus institutional determinants of entrepreneurial entry

Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development ◽

10.1108/jsbed-07-2019-0245 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 329-346

Author(s):

Amirmahmood Amini Sedeh ◽

Joseph Beck ◽

Mahdi Forghani Bajestani

Keyword(s):

Social Entrepreneurship ◽

Data Set ◽

Content Type ◽

Individual Level ◽

Entrepreneurial Entry ◽

Institutional Determinants ◽

Level Data ◽

Multi Level ◽

Cross National ◽

Commercial Entrepreneurship

PurposeThis cross-national study of entrepreneurship seeks to investigate the perceptual and institutional determinants of entrepreneurial entry. To do so, the authors distinguish between social and commercial entrepreneurial activities, taking the position that the concept of entrepreneurship is not a monolithic one.Design/methodology/approachThe authors construct a large cross-national data set and employ hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to run a multi-level analysis on individual-level data from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and country-level data from Polity IV and GLOBE, representing 47 countries.FindingsIndividuals' perceptual characteristics (i.e. perceived self-efficacy, opportunity perception, and fear of failure) and informal institutions in the form of supportive cultures impact social entrepreneurship more strongly than commercial entrepreneurship. On the other hand, the formal institution of the rule of law, specifically the protection of property rights, is more conducive to commercial entrepreneurship.Originality/valueThe results of this study contribute to theory by illuminating the complicated relationships between environmental conditions, individual-level psychological factors, and entrepreneurial decisions. Furthermore, the authors’ multi-level model contributes to a more detailed conceptualization of entrepreneurial entry by identifying institutional settings that facilitate commercial versus social entrepreneurship. The authors also clarify why commercial entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship attract different types of individuals.

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