Orbitofrontal cortex thickness and substance use disorders in emerging adulthood: Causal inferences from a cotwin control/discordant twin study

Addiction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Harper ◽  
Sylia Wilson ◽  
Stephen M. Malone ◽  
Ruskin H. Hunt ◽  
Kathleen M. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
Discordant Twin

Why Should We Focus on Emerging Adults with Substance Use Disorders?

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
First Language ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Treatment Access ◽  
Problematic Substance Use ◽  
Problematic Substance

Emerging adulthood (roughly ages 18–29) is the lifespan period when the peak prevalence of substance use disorders (SUD) and substance use occurs. Opportunities for prevention and intervention abound during these years. This chapter provides a brief introduction to the concept of emerging adulthood, as well as a laundry list of terms used to describe problematic substance use. The chapter argues that we must be mindful of using person-first language and, based on available stigma research, advocates for use of the term substance use disorder. The chapter then presents a strong rationale for creating more developmentally appropriate treatments for emerging adults. This rationale is based on three pillars: (1) emerging adults’ current underrepresentation in large outcome studies, (2) existing disparities in treatment outcomes between emerging adults and individuals in other age groups, and (3) the possibility of expanded substance use treatment access under healthcare reform.

scholarly journals Substance Use and Mental Health Outcomes During Emerging Adulthood Among Individuals With Different Patterns of Child Maltreatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 542-547
Author(s):  
Kate Guastaferro ◽  
Bethany C. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Health Disorders

The aim of the current study was to identify patterns of child maltreatment experienced prior to age 18 and examine the relationship between those patterns and substance use and mental health disorders among emerging adults. Data were from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. The analytic sample consisted of 5,194 adults between 18 and 25 years old. Latent class analysis revealed a three-class model: Rare Maltreatment (59%); Occasional Maltreatment, Rare Sexual Abuse (37%); and Frequent Maltreatment, Some Sexual Abuse (4%). Risk of substance use disorders and poor mental health was higher for the two classes who experienced maltreatment; however, those with Frequent Maltreatment had higher risk of poor mental health, but not substance use disorders compared to those with Occasional Maltreatment. Patterns of child maltreatment are important predictors of substance use and mental health disorders in emerging adulthood, but different patterns may necessitate specific intervention efforts.

Emerging Adult Development and Substance Use Disorders

2017 ◽  
pp. 16-37
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Smith ◽  
Tara M. Dumas ◽  
Jordan P. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Identity Exploration ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Additional Risk

Developmental processes influence emerging adults’ substance use. Such processes may occur both before and during the period of emerging adulthood, which lasts roughly from ages 18 to 29. This chapter begins by reviewing the prevalence of risky substance use and substance use disorders among emerging adults as well as the sequelae of such use. After a brief review of Arnett’s theory of emerging adulthood, the chapter provides an updated review of how the dimensions of emerging adulthood (i.e., identity exploration, feeling in between, self-focus, instability, optimism) are associated with substance use. Also reviewed are the additional risk factors for substance use that likely interact with these dimensions.

Intimate partner violence in emerging adulthood and subsequent substance use disorders: findings from a longitudinal study

Addiction ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 1264-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohre Ahmadabadi ◽  
Jackob M. Najman ◽  
Gail M. Williams ◽  
Alexandra M. Clavarino ◽  
Peter d'Abbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner

A Multivariate Twin Study of the Dimensions of Religiosity and Common Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 202 (5) ◽  
pp. 360-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Vance ◽  
Hermine H. Maes ◽  
Kenneth S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Twin Study

scholarly journals Assessment of generalized anxiety disorder diagnostic criteria in the National Comorbidity Survey and Virginia Adult Twin Study of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders.

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Kubarych ◽  
Steven H. Aggen ◽  
John M. Hettema ◽  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
Michael C. Neale
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
National Comorbidity Survey

scholarly journals Substance use disorders and the orbitofrontal cortex

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dom ◽  
B. Sabbe ◽  
W. Hulstijn ◽  
W. van Den Brink
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

BackgroundOrbitofrontal cortex dysfunctions have been frequently documented in people with substance use disorders. The exact role of this cortical region, however, remains unspecified.AimsTo assess the functionality of the orbitofrontal cortex in people with substance use disorders.MethodReports of studies using behavioural decision-making tasks and/or neuroimaging techniques to investigate orbitofrontal cortex functioning in cases of substance misuse were reviewed. Studies focusing exclusively on tobacco-smoking and gambling were excluded.ResultsFifty-two research articles were evaluated. Most studies showed significant deficits in decision-making in people with substance use disorders. A consistent finding in the neuroimaging studies was hypoactivity of the orbitofrontal cortex after detoxification. The association between hyperactivity of this region and craving or cue reactivity was not consistent across studies.ConclusionsThe orbitofrontal cortex has an important role in addictive behaviours. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying neuronal substrates of cue reactivity, craving and decision-making, and the implications for treatment and relapse prevention.

Reinforcement-based treatment for substance use disorders: A comprehensive behavioral approach.

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Michelle Tuten ◽  
Hendree E. Jones ◽  
Cindy M. Schaeffer ◽  
Maxine L. Stitzer
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Approach
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