scholarly journals Improving zebrafish laboratory welfare and scientific research through understanding their natural history

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole J. Lee ◽  
Gregory C. Paull ◽  
Charles R. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Scientific Research

A reconnaissance of tropical resources during Revolutionary years: the role of the Paris Museum d'Histoire Naturelle

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
MADELEINE LY-TIO-FANE
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Joseph Ii

SUMMARY The recent extensive literature on exploration and the resulting scientific advances has failed to highlight the contribution of Austrian enterprise to the study of natural history. The leading role of Joseph II among the neutral powers which assumed the carrying trade of the belligerents during the American War of Independence, furthered the development of collections for the Schönbrunn Park and Gardens which had been set up on scientific principles by his parents. On the conclusion of peace, Joseph entrusted to Professor Maerter a world-encompassing mission in the course of which the Chief Gardener Franz Boos and his assistant Georg Scholl travelled to South Africa to collect plants and animals. Boos pursued the mission to Isle de France and Bourbon (Mauritius and Reunion), conveyed by the then unknown Nicolas Baudin. He worked at the Jardin du Roi, Pamplemousses, with Nicolas Cere, or at Palma with Joseph Francois Charpentier de Cossigny. The linkage of Austrian and French horticultural expertise created a situation fraught with opportunities which were to lead Baudin to the forefront of exploration and scientific research as the century closed in the upheaval of the Revolutionary Wars.

John Robertson Henderson (1863–1925): Scotland, India and anomuran taxonomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
P. G. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Christian College ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
Marine Station ◽  
The University ◽  
Crustacean Taxonomy

John Robertson Henderson was born in Scotland and educated at the University of Edinburgh, where he qualified as a doctor. His interest in marine natural history was fostered at the Scottish Marine Station for Scientific Research at Granton (near Edinburgh) where his focus on anomuran crustaceans emerged, to the extent that he was eventually invited to compile the anomuran volume of the Challenger expedition reports. He left Scotland for India in autumn 1885 to take up the Chair of Zoology at Madras Christian College, shortly after its establishment. He continued working on crustacean taxonomy, producing substantial contributions to the field; returning to Scotland in retirement in 1919. The apparent absence of communication with Alfred William Alcock, a surgeon-naturalist with overlapping interests in India, is highlighted but not resolved.

The 1880s: the rise of rivalry

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry A. McGhie
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
Research Institution ◽  
Scientific Research Institution ◽  
Naming Practices

This chapter explores the 1880s as a time when standards were set in ornithology, in terms of scientific practices of naming and drawing up agreed lists of accepted records of rare birds visiting Britain. Dresser was a key figure in this, at a time when a number of self-proclaimed authorities disputed evidence and practices. Dresser was involved in various arguments over scientific naming practices with American ornithologists, which would run for many years. His relationship with Henry Seebohm, an English collector with whom he had previously been on good terms, deteriorates as Seebohm set out to deinstall Dresser as the leading commentator on the birds of Europe and Siberia. The British Museum (Natural History) continued to develop its leading importance as a scientific research institution, attracting support from many of Dresser’s contemporaries and acquiring their collections. Dresser remained separated from the museum.

New Paris No. 2: A Pennsylvania Cave Site Revisited

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
L. J. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Carnegie Museum ◽  
Cave Fauna ◽  
Early Colonial

An association of man and extirpated fauna brought to light almost forty years ago in southern Pennsylvania is reconsidered. Originally investigated by the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, the New Paris sinkholes are well-known for their extensive Pleistocene cave fauna and are most often associated with the dedicated work of the late Dr. John Guilday. The initial find in sinkhole #2 of an adult bull elk skeleton with an arrowhead embedded in its neck vertebrae had long been forgotten. In the pre-Libby era of scientific research, the elk was assessed as Holocene in age and the stone arrowhead as probable evidence of an early Colonial period Amerindian hunting event. Recent review of this discovery and radiocarbon analysis of a portion of the elk skeleton suggests a somewhat greater age and significance.

scholarly journals Recruiting a Scientific Enigma: Ramsay Wright at the University of Toronto and its Reconstituted Medical School, 1874 – 1912

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. M. Court
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Faculty Recruitment ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
Qualified Candidate ◽  
The University

Ramsay Wright was appointed in 1874 to the University of Toronto’s Chair in Natural History through an advertised competition designed to replace patronage with adjudicating candidates on merit. An absence of transparency and inconsistencies in the outcome, however, provoke doubts that the process was pursued fairly to acquire the most qualified candidate. Premier Mowat passed over eminently-qualified Canadians for this inexperienced Edinburgh lab tutor. The Darwinian orientation of his education together with training in the German scientific research methods, although sub rosa criteria because of their political contentiousness, appear to have been decisive for Wright’s selection. From archival evidence this study contrasts the recently-enacted protocol for fair, objective faculty recruitment with the shadowy process through which Wright was chosen. Once installed, with sparkling lecturing skills and the benefit of mentoring, Wright sidestepped his modest research output to progress in administration. Passed over for Toronto’s presidency, he diverged to embrace a later-discredited aspect of evolution, advocating publicly for human eugenics. Wright retired to Oxford in 1912, after which the more engaging aspects of his persona were periodically burnished for the university’s commemorative contexts. -- Ramsay Wright fut nommé titulaire de la chaire d’histoire naturelle de l’Université de Toronto en 1874, lors d’un concours public conçu pour remplacer le favoritisme par un processus de sélection basé sur les mérites des candidats. Cependant l’absence de transparence et des incohérences dans le résultat mirent en doute l’impartialité du processus de sélection. Le premier ministre Mowat préféra ce chargé de travaux pratiques inexpérimenté d’Édimbourg à des Canadiens éminemment qualifiés. L’orientation darwinienne de l’éducation de Wright et sa formation dans les méthodes de recherches scientifiques allemandes, bien qu’il s’agisse de critères confidentiels en raison de leurs caractères controversés, semblent avoir joué un rôle décisif dans le choix de Mowat. À partir de documents d’archives, cette étude oppose le nouveau protocole mis en place pour assurer un recrutement juste et objectif à l’obscur processus par lequel Wright fut sélectionné. Une fois installé, celui-ci se révéla un conférencier brillant et il compensa son modeste rendement de chercheur en progressant dans l’administration.

Note on the Genus Diaphanocephalus (Nematoda: Strongylidae), Parasitic in Reptiles, with a Description of Three New Species

Parasitology ◽  
1923 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Daubney
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Buccal Capsule ◽  
Species Inquirenda ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Emended Diagnosis

The genus Diaphanocephalus was erected by Diesing in 1851 to contain certain species included in Rudolphi's Synopsis in the old genus Strongylus. The species in question were Strongylus galeatus Rud., 1819, re-named Diaphanocephalus strongyloides by Diesing, and subsequently indicated as the type-species of the genus; S. costatus; and possible S. viperae Rud., which Diesing listed as a species inquirenda. In deciding upon the necessity for the new genus Diesing seems to have been influenced largely by the characters of the head. His diagnosis shows that he considered the supporting rays of the buccal capsule to be four only in number, regarding two of these as divided each into two distinct processes. Molin (1861) gave an emended diagnosis of Diesing's genus and proposed the new genus Kalicephalus for certain other strongyle parasites in reptiles. It has already been pointed out (Baylis and Daubney) that the generic characters used by Molin are unreliable and that Railliet and Henry (1909) were justified in abolishing Kalicephalus in favour of the older genus, Diaphanocephalus. Recently, Skrjabin (1916) has given a diagnosis of the genus. Through the kindness of Dr H. A. Baylis the writer has been able to examine specimens in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History), and the Wellcome Bureau of Scientific Research. The material examined includes four specimens of the genus Diaphanocephalus.

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