scholarly journals A Computational Evaluation of Two Models of Retrieval Processes in Sentence Processing in Aphasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Lissón ◽  
Dorothea Pregla ◽  
Bruno Nicenboim ◽  
Dario Paape ◽  
Mick L. het Nederend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Computational Evaluation ◽  
Retrieval Processes

scholarly journals A computational evaluation of two models of retrieval processes in sentence processing in aphasia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Lissón ◽  
Dorothea Pregla ◽  
Bruno Nicenboim ◽  
Dario Paape ◽  
Mick L. van het Nederend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Computational Evaluation ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Access Model

Can sentence comprehension impairments in aphasia be explained by difficulties arising from dependency completion processes in parsing? Two distinct models of dependencycompletion difficulty are investigated, the Lewis and Vasishth (2005) activation-based model, and the direct-access model (McElree, 2000). These models’ predictive performance is compared using data from individuals with aphasia (IWAs) and control participants. The data are from a self-paced listening task involving subject and object relative clauses. The relative predictive performance of the models is evaluated using k-fold cross validation. For both IWAs and controls, the activation model furnishes a somewhat better quantitativefit to the data than the direct-access model. Model comparison using Bayes factors shows that, assuming an activation-based model, intermittent deficiencies may be the best explanation for the cause of impairments in IWAs. This is the first computational evaluation of different models of dependency completion using data from impaired andunimpaired individuals. This evaluation develops a systematic approach that can be used to quantitatively compare the predictions of competing models of language processing.

scholarly journals Computational Models of Retrieval Processes in Sentence Processing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shravan Vasishth ◽  
Bruno Nicenboim ◽  
Felix Engelmann ◽  
Frank Burchert
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Retrieval Processes

scholarly journals The effect of prominence and cue association on retrieval processes: A computational account

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Engelmann ◽  
Lena A. Jäger ◽  
Shravan Vasishth
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Retrieval Interference ◽  
Partial Success

We present a comprehensive empirical evaluation of the ACT-R-based model of sentence processing developed by Lewis & Vasishth (2005) (LV05). The predictions of the model are compared with the results of a recent meta-analysis of published reading studies on retrieval interference in reflexive-/reciprocal-antecedent and subject-verb dependencies (Jäger, Engelmann, & Vasishth, 2017). The comparison shows that the model has only partial success in explaining the data; and we propose that its prediction space is restricted by oversimplifying assumptions. We then implement a revised model that takes into account differences between individual experimental designs in terms of the prominence of the target and the distractor in memory and context-dependent cue-feature associations. The predictions of the original and the revised model are quantitatively compared with the results of the meta-analysis. Our simulations show that, compared to the original LV05 model, the revised model accounts for the data better. The results suggest that effects of prominence and variable cue-feature associations need to be considered in the interpretation of existing empirical results and in the design and planning of future experiments. With regard to retrieval interference in sentence processing and to the broader field of psycholinguistic studies, we conclude that well-specified models in tandem with high-powered experiments are needed in order to uncover the underlying cognitive processes.

scholarly journals Remember they were emotional - Effects of emotional qualifiers during sentence processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
Scarlett Child ◽  
Alan Garnham ◽  
Jane Oakhill
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Emotional Effects

AbstractWe investigated whether emotional information facilitates retrieval and whether it makes representations more salient during sentence processing. Participants were presented with sentences including entities (nouns) that were either bare, with no additional information or that were emotionally or neutrally qualified by means of adjectives. Reading times in different word regions, specifically at the region following the verb where retrieval processes are measurable, were analysed. Qualified representations needed longer time to be build up than bare representations. Also, it was found that the amount of information and the type of information affect sentences processing and more specifically retrieval. In particular, retrieval for emotionally specified representations was faster than that for bare representations.

scholarly journals Similarity-based interference in sentence comprehension in aphasia: A computational evaluation of two models of cue-based retrieval

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Lissón ◽  
Dario Paape ◽  
Dorothea Pregla ◽  
Nicole Stadie ◽  
Frank Burchert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Pronoun Resolution ◽  
Computational Evaluation ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
Access Model

Sentence comprehension requires the listener to link incoming words with short-term memory representations in order to build linguistic dependencies. The cue-based retrieval theory of sentence processing predicts that the retrieval of these memory representations is affected by similarity-based interference. We present the first large-scale computational evaluation of interference effects in two models of sentence processing – the activation-based model, and a modification of the direct-access model – in individuals with aphasia (IWA) and control participants in German. The parameters of the models are linked to prominent theories of processing deficits in aphasia, and the models are tested against two linguistic constructions in German: Pronoun resolution and relative clauses. The data come from a visual-world eye-tracking experiment combined with a sentence-picture matching task. The results show that both control participants and IWA are susceptible to retrieval interference, and that a combination of theoretical explanations (intermittent deficiencies, slow syntax, and resource reduction) can explain IWA’s deficits in sentence processing. Model comparisons reveal that both models have a similar predictive performance in pronoun resolution, but the activation-based model outperforms the direct-access model in relative clauses.

On the role of discourse-level information in second-language sentence processing

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELSI KAISER
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
L2 Processing ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Shallow Structure Hypothesis ◽  
Level Information ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Shallow Structure

Based on a detailed review of existing studies of high-proficiency second-language (L2) learners who acquired the L2 in adolescence/adulthood, Cunnings (Cunnings, 2016) argues that Sorace's (2011) Interface Hypothesis (IH) and Clahsen and Felser's (2006) Shallow Structure Hypothesis (SSH) do not explain the existing data as well as his memory-based approach which posits that memory-retrieval processes in the L1 and L2 do not pattern alike. Cunnings proposes that L1 and L2 processing differ in terms of comprehenders’ ability to retrieve from memory information constructed during sentence processing. He concludes that L2 processing is more susceptible to interference effects during retrieval, and, most relevantly for this commentary, that discourse-based cues to memory retrieval are more heavily weighted in L2 than L1 processing.

scholarly journals Computational models of retrieval processes in sentence processing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shravan Vasishth ◽  
Bruno Nicenboim ◽  
Felix Engelmann ◽  
Frank Burchert
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Benchmark Data ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Empirical Coverage ◽  
Competing Models ◽  
Retrieval From Memory

Sentence comprehension requires that the comprehender work out who did what to whom. This process has been characterized as retrieval from memory. This review summarizes the quantitative predictions and empirical coverage of the two existing computational models of retrieval, and shows how the predictive performance of these two competing models can be tested against a benchmark data-set. We also show how computational modeling can help us better understand sources of variability in both unimpaired and impaired sentence comprehension.

scholarly journals Computational Models of Retrieval Processes in Sentence Processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 968-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shravan Vasishth ◽  
Bruno Nicenboim ◽  
Felix Engelmann ◽  
Frank Burchert
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Retrieval Processes

scholarly journals Sentence Comprehension as a Cognitive Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shravan Vasishth ◽  
Felix Engelmann
Keyword(s):  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
New Research

Sentence comprehension - the way we process and understand spoken and written language - is a central and important area of research within psycholinguistics. This book explores the contribution of computational linguistics to the field, showing how computational models of sentence processing can help scientists in their investigation of human cognitive processes. It presents the leading computational model of retrieval processes in sentence processing, the Lewis and Vasishth cue-based retrieval mode, and develops a principled methodology for parameter estimation and model comparison/evaluation using benchmark data, to enable researchers to test their own models of retrieval against the present model. It also provides readers with an overview of the last 20 years of research on the topic of retrieval processes in sentence comprehension, along with source code that allows researchers to extend the model and carry out new research. Comprehensive in its scope, this book is essential reading for researchers in cognitive science.

A Computational Evaluation of Sentence Processing Deficits in Aphasia

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh Patil ◽  
Sandra Hanne ◽  
Frank Burchert ◽  
Ria De Bleser ◽  
Shravan Vasishth
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Computational Evaluation ◽  
Processing Deficits
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