Right superior caval vein to the left atrium in a child with vein of Galen malformation

AbstractBackgroundData regarding long-term outcome after percutaneous closure of left superior caval vein draining into the left atrium are lacking. The aim of the present study was to report the long-term follow-up by using contrast-enhanced CT.MethodsIn all, three patients underwent percutaneous closure of left superior caval vein draining into the left atrium between 2005 and 2015. All of them were evaluated clinically and underwent contrast-enhanced CT.ResultsIn one patient, the Amplatzer® Septal Occluder was used. In two patients, the Amplatzer® Vascular Plug type-1 was preferred: the device size/LSVC diameter ratio was 1.7 in the child and 1.2 in the adult. There were no early-onset or long-term onset complications. CT was performed 1, 2, and 10 years after the procedure, respectively. Complete occlusion of the vessel was documented in all. After 10 years since the procedure, CT revealed a persistent trivial residual shunt through the accessory hemiazygos vein in one patient, in whom the device was implanted above its drainage into the left superior caval vein. When an Amplatzer® Vascular Plug type-1 is oversized compared with the venous vessel diameter, it immediately assumes a dog-bone shape that disappears early to regain its shape memory and nominal size.ConclusionsPercutaneous occlusion of left superior caval vein draining into the left atrium has excellent early and long-term outcomes. The optimal implantation of the device is below the drainage of the accessory hemiazygos vein, when present. The device might be oversized compared with the left superior caval vein diameter according to the age of the patient.

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Percutanous Closure by a Vascular Plug of a Fistula between the Superior Caval Vein and the Left Atrium

Pediatric Cardiology ◽

10.1007/s00246-004-0850-y ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 675-676 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

K. De Groote ◽

H. Verhaaren ◽

B. Suys ◽

D. De Wolf

Keyword(s):

Left Atrium ◽

Vascular Plug ◽

Caval Vein ◽

Superior Caval Vein

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Clarifying the anatomy of the superior sinus venosus defect

Heart ◽

10.1136/heartjnl-2021-319334 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. heartjnl-2021-319334

Author(s):

Jay Relan ◽

Saurabh Kumar Gupta ◽

Rengarajan Rajagopal ◽

Sivasubramanian Ramakrishnan ◽

Gurpreet Singh Gulati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Left Atrium ◽

Pulmonary Vein ◽

Pulmonary Veins ◽

Interatrial Septum ◽

Sinus Venosus ◽

Caval Vein ◽

Therapeutic Implications ◽

Superior Caval Vein ◽

Inferior Pulmonary Vein ◽

The Right

ObjectivesWe sought to clarify the variations in the anatomy of the superior cavoatrial junction and anomalously connected pulmonary veins in patients with superior sinus venosus defects using computed tomographic (CT) angiography.MethodsCT angiograms of 96 consecutive patients known to have superior sinus venosus defects were analysed.ResultsThe median age of the patients was 34.5 years. In seven (7%) patients, the defect showed significant caudal extension, having a supero-inferior dimension greater than 25 mm. All patients had anomalous connection of the right superior pulmonary vein. The right middle and right inferior pulmonary vein were also connected anomalously in 88 (92%) and 17 (18%) patients, respectively. Anomalous connection of the right inferior pulmonary vein was more common in those with significant caudal extension of the defect (57% vs 15%, p=0.005). Among anomalously connected pulmonary veins, the right superior, middle, and inferior pulmonary veins were committed to the left atrium in 6, 17, and 11 patients, respectively. The superior caval vein over-rode the interatrial septum in 67 (70%) patients, with greater than 50% over-ride in 3 patients.ConclusionAnomalous connection of the right-sided pulmonary veins is universal, but is not limited to the right upper lobe. Not all individuals have over-riding of superior caval vein. In a minority of patients, the defect has significant caudal extension, and anomalously connected pulmonary veins are committed to the left atrium. These findings have significant clinical and therapeutic implications.

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Bedside agitated saline test confirming diagnosis of anomalous right superior caval vein draining into the left atrium

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2020-319737 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. fetalneonatal-2020-319737

Author(s):

Nishanti Han Ying Wijedasa ◽

Marielle Valerie Fortier ◽

Dyan Zhewei Zhang ◽

Sharon Ann Aquino-Grino ◽

Jonathan Tze Liang Choo

Keyword(s):

Left Atrium ◽

Caval Vein ◽

Superior Caval Vein ◽

Saline Test

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A rare case of a systemic-to-pulmonary veno-venous connection: a pause during development of pulmonary and systemic venous separation

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951116002948 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 1011-1013

Author(s):

Jae Gun Kwak ◽

Kyung-Hee Kim ◽

Chang-Ha Lee

Keyword(s):

Left Atrium ◽

Pulmonary Vein ◽

Rare Case ◽

Ct Images ◽

Atrial Septum ◽

Caval Vein ◽

Superior Caval Vein ◽

Preoperative Ct ◽

Diameter Orifice

AbstractA 45-year-old man with dyspnoea and palpitations exhibited a unique systemic-to-pulmonary veno-venous connection on preoperative CT images. A window of 31.5-mm diameter was evident between the superior caval vein and the middle pulmonary vein, which was normally connected to the left atrium via a 30-mm-diameter orifice. The atrial septum was intact.

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Biatrial drainage of right superior caval vein with preferential streaming into the left atrium

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951119001276 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 996-998

Author(s):

Omar Abu-Anza ◽

Ravi Ashwath

Keyword(s):

Atrial Septal Defect ◽

Left Atrium ◽

Septal Defect ◽

Venous Return ◽

Sinus Venosus ◽

Cardiac Anomaly ◽

Caval Vein ◽

Superior Caval Vein ◽

Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return ◽

The Right

AbstractBiatrial drainage of the right superior caval vein is an extremely rare cardiac anomaly that generally presents in childhood. We present a case of anomalous connection of the right superior caval vein with superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return in a 5-month-old male presenting with unexplained cyanosis and hypoxia.

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Right superior caval vein draining into the left atrium—diagnosis by color flow mapping

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s104795110000281x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 345-349 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Luis E. Alday ◽

Hector Maisuls ◽

Roberto De Rossi

Keyword(s):

Left Atrium ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

The Other ◽

Flow Mapping ◽

Caval Vein ◽

Color Flow ◽

Superior Caval Vein ◽

Color Flow Mapping ◽

Excellent Method ◽

The Right

AbstractWe report two female patients, one aged four years and the other a newborn, referred for evaluation of cyanosis with otherwise normal cardiovascular findings, who proved to have the right superior caval vein draining into the morphologically left atrium. In both patients, the diagnosis was made by color flow mapping. The older child underwent catheterization and subsequent successful surgical correction. A right superior caval vein draining into the left atrium, although very rare, should always be considered a diagnostic possibility in the presence of cyanosis and normal clinical findings. Color flow mapping is an excellent method with which to make the diagnosis.

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Divided left atrium associated with supravalvar mitral ring

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951100005242 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 423-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Silvia Álvares ◽

António Sá Melo ◽

Manuel Antunes

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

Left Atrium ◽

Septal Defect ◽

Pulmonary Venous Obstruction ◽

Venous Obstruction ◽

Caval Vein ◽

Interatrial Communication ◽

Superior Caval Vein ◽

Rare Association ◽

Echocardiographic Examination

AbstractReported is a case with a rare association of divided left atrium, supramitral stenosing ring of the left atrium, connection of the left superior caval vein to the roof of the left atrium, unroofed coronary sinus with an interatrial communication at the mouth of the unroofed sinus and ventricular septal defect. The need for a complete echocardiographic examination in the presence of pulmonary venous obstruction is emphasized. Surgery was successful in spite of significant preoperative pulmonary hypertension.

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Anomalous drainage of isolated superior caval vein to the left atrium: the oldest reported unrepaired case

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951116002808 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 1008-1010 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Boutsikou ◽

Dudley J. Pennell ◽

Eva Nyktari

Keyword(s):

Left Atrium ◽

Surgical Repair ◽

Definitive Treatment ◽

Cardiac Anomaly ◽

Caval Vein ◽

Congenital Cardiac Anomaly ◽

Superior Caval Vein ◽

The 1960S

AbstractIsolated right superior caval vein drainage into the left atrium is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly usually presenting with hypoxaemia and cyanosis. Surgical repair is the definitive treatment for this condition. In this report, we present the case of a 72-year-old patient with uncorrected anomalous drainage of a right superior caval vein into the left atrium, first diagnosed in the 1960s. To the best of our knowledge, this is the oldest reported unrepaired case.

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Anatomical considerations for the management of a left-sided superior caval vein draining to the roof of the left atrium

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951116001384 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 846-850

Author(s):

Jelena Saundankar ◽

Andrew B. Ho ◽

Anthony P. Salmon ◽

Robert H. Anderson ◽

Alan G. Magee

Keyword(s):

Left Atrium ◽

Coronary Sinus ◽

Right Atrial ◽

Caval Vein ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Interatrial Communication ◽

Unroofed Coronary Sinus ◽

Superior Caval Vein ◽

Coronary Sinus Ostium ◽

The Right

AbstractAimsThe pathophysiological entity of a persisting left-sided superior caval vein draining into the roof of the left atrium represents an extreme form of coronary sinus de-roofing. This is an uncommon, but well-documented condition associated with systemic desaturation due to a right-to-left shunt. Depending on the size of the coronary ostium, the defect may also present with right-sided volume loading. We describe two patients, both of whom presented with desaturation, and highlight the important anatomical features underscoring management.Methods and ResultsBoth patients were managed interventionally with previous assessment of the size of the coronary sinus ostium through cross-sectional imaging. This revealed a restrictive interatrial communication at the right atrial mouth of the coronary sinus in both patients, which permitted an interventional approach, as the residual left-to-right shunt subsequent to closure of the aberrant vessel would be negligible. At intervention, test occlusion of the left superior caval vein allowed assessment of decompressing vessels before successful occlusion using an Amplatzer Vascular Plug.ConclusionsPersistence of a left superior caval vein draining to the left atrium may be associated with an interatrial communication at the mouth of the unroofed coronary sinus. The ostium of the de-roofed coronary sinus can be atretic, restrictive, normally sized, or enlarged. Careful assessment of the size of this defect is required before treatment. In view of its importance, which has received little attention in the literature to date, we suggest an additional consideration to the classification of unroofed coronary sinus.

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