Abstract
Background and Aims
The aim of the study is to investigate the incidence and risk factors of hypertension (HT) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients who had hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) during their childhood.
Method
Patients who had HSCT between January 2010-2019 with a minimum follow-up period of 6 months were included in the study. Data regarding renal complications were collected from the medical records of the patients. Guidelines of European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and American Academy of Pediatrics (APA) were used for the evaluation of hypertension. 24-hr ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed in children older than 5 years of age (68 patients). Ambulatory hypertension is diagnosed when systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure (BP) load is higher than 25%. Ambulatory prehypertension is diagnosed when mean systolic and/or diastolic BP is less than 95th percentile with systolic and/or diastolic BP load higher than 25%.
Results
A total of 72 patients (41 males and 31 females) were included in the study. The mean age of the patients at last visit was 10.8±4 years. ABPM revealed ambulatory HT in 6 patients (8.8%) and ambulatory prehypertension in 12 patients (17.6%). Office BP revealed HT in 3 patients (4.2%) and increased BP in four patients (5.6%) according to APA guideline (2017). In cohort, 12 patients with normal office BP (according to APA guideline) had ambulatory prehypertension or hypertension with ABPM. Office BP revealed HT in 1 patient (1.4%) and high-normal BP in 3 patients (4.2%) according to ESH guideline. In cohort, 15 patients with normal office BP (according to ESH guideline) had ambulatory prehypertension or hypertension with ABPM (Table 1). After a mean follow-up period of 4.4±2.5 years, CKD developed in 8 patients (11.1%). Patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease, with HLA-mismatched HSCT and/or transplantation of peripheric or cord blood hematopoietic stem cells had increased risk of CKD (p=0.041, p=0.033 and p=0.002, respectively).
Conclusion
Patients with HSCT should be regularly followed for the development of HT and ABPM should be used on regular basis. Patients with risk factors should be closely monitored for the development of CKD.
Risk Factors for CMV Viremia Among Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients at a Single Institution
