Passive transfer and rate of decay of maternal antibody against African horse sickness virus in South African Thoroughbred foals

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Crafford ◽  
C. W. Lourens ◽  
I. A. Gardner ◽  
N. J. Maclachlan ◽  
A. J. Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Maternal Antibody ◽  
African Horse Sickness ◽  
African Horse Sickness Virus ◽  
Rate Of Decay ◽  
Thoroughbred Foals

scholarly journals Equine encephalosis in Thoroughbred foals on a South African stud farm

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Grewar ◽  
Peter N. Thompson ◽  
Carina W. Lourens ◽  
Alan J. Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
South African ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Maternal Antibody ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
African Horse Sickness ◽  
Western Cape Province ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Thoroughbred Foals

Thoroughbred foal body temperature data were collected from shortly after birth until shortly after weaning during the 2007/2008 season on a stud farm in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Equine encephalosis (EE) caused by EE virus (EEV) serotype 4 (EEV-4) occurred in the foal group during the first autumn after their birth (March and April 2008). A descriptive study was undertaken to provide data on the EEV maternal antibody status, the association between pyrexia and EEV infection, and the incidence of infection amongst the foals prior to and during the episode. This included the frequent capturing of foal body temperature data and regular collection of serum and whole blood during pyretic episodes. Infection by EEV was determined using both virological and serological methods. A high EE incidence of at least 94% occurred amongst the foal cohort, despite the fact that 37% of foals had previously shown maternal antibody to EEV-4. Pyrexia in foals was not directly associated with EE infection and 41% of infected foals showed no detectable pyretic episode. Information obtained from this EE episode showed the high incidence of EEV infection in foals during the first autumn after their birth. Monitoring foal body temperature can alert farmers to outbreaks of infectious disease, such as EE. These results are relevant to the epidemiology of EE and facilitate greater understanding of it as a differential diagnosis of African horse sickness (AHS), given that EE and AHS have similar epidemiologic profiles.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequences of Four African Horse Sickness Virus Strains from a Commercial Tetravalent Live Attenuated Vaccine

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Guthrie ◽  
Peter Coetzee ◽  
Darren P. Martin ◽  
Carina W. Lourens ◽  
Estelle H. Venter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
African Horse Sickness ◽  
African Horse Sickness Virus ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Live Virus Vaccine ◽  
Virus Strains

This is a report of the complete genome sequences of plaque-selected isolates of each of the four virus strains included in a South African commercial tetravalent African horse sickness attenuated live virus vaccine.

The oral susceptibility of South African field populations ofCulicoidesto African horse sickness virus

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. VENTER ◽  
I. M. WRIGHT ◽  
T. C. VAN DER LINDE ◽  
J. T. PAWESKA
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
African Horse Sickness ◽  
African Horse Sickness Virus

scholarly journals The Absence of Abdominal Pigmentation in Livestock Associated Culicoides following Artificial Blood Feeding and the Epidemiological Implication for Arbovirus Surveillance

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1571
Author(s):  
Maria Goffredo ◽  
Michela Quaglia ◽  
Matteo De Ascentis ◽  
Silvio Gerardo d’Alessio ◽  
Valentina Federici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
African Horse Sickness ◽  
Culicoides Species ◽  
African Horse Sickness Virus ◽  
Artificial Blood ◽  
Parity Rate ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Blood Meal Size

Culicoides midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), the vectors of economically important arboviruses such as bluetongue virus and African horse sickness virus, are of global importance. In the absence of transovarial transmission, the parity rate of a Culicoides population provides imperative information regarding the risk of virus dispersal. Abdominal pigmentation, which develops after blood feeding and ovipositioning, is used as an indicator of parity in Culicoides. During oral susceptibility trials over the last three decades, a persistent proportion of blood engorged females did not develop pigment after incubation. The present study, combining a number of feeding trials and different artificial feeding methods, reports on this phenomenon, as observed in various South African and Italian Culicoides species and populations. The absence of pigmentation in artificial blood-fed females was found in at least 23 Culicoides species, including important vectors such as C. imicola, C. bolitinos, C. obsoletus, and C. scoticus. Viruses were repeatedly detected in these unpigmented females after incubation. Blood meal size seems to play a role and this phenomenon could be present in the field and requires consideration, especially regarding the detection of virus in apparent “nulliparous” females and the identification of overwintering mechanisms and seasonally free vector zones.

Transmission and distribution of African horse sickness virus serotypes in South African zebra

1998 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
C. C. Lord ◽  
M. E. J. Woolhouse ◽  
B. J. H. Barnard
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
African Horse Sickness ◽  
African Horse Sickness Virus ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequences of the Three African Horse Sickness Virus Strains from a Commercial Trivalent Live Attenuated Vaccine

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Guthrie ◽  
Peter Coetzee ◽  
Darren P. Martin ◽  
Carina W. Lourens ◽  
Estelle H. Venter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
African Horse Sickness ◽  
African Horse Sickness Virus ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Live Virus Vaccine ◽  
Virus Strains

This is a report of the complete genome sequences of plaque-selected isolates of each of the three virus strains included in a South African commercial trivalent African horse sickness attenuated live virus vaccine.

scholarly journals Establishment of different plasmid only-based reverse genetics systems for the recovery of African horse sickness virus

Virology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 499 ◽  
pp. 144-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andelé M. Conradie ◽  
Liesel Stassen ◽  
Henk Huismans ◽  
Christiaan A. Potgieter ◽  
Jacques Theron
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
African Horse Sickness ◽  
African Horse Sickness Virus
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