Antiherbivore defenses alter natural selection on plant reproductive traits

Evolution ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 796-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken A. Thompson ◽  
Marc T.J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Antiherbivore Defenses

scholarly journals Induced defenses alter the strength and direction of natural selection on reproductive traits in common milkweed

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken A. Thompson ◽  
Kaitlin A. Cory ◽  
Marc T. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Induced Defenses ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Foliar Damage ◽  
Antiherbivore Defenses ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Generate Plant

AbstractEvolutionary biologists have long sought to understand the ecological processes that generate plant reproductive diversity. Recent evidence indicates that constitutive antiherbivore defenses can alter natural selection on reproductive traits, but it is unclear whether induced defenses will have the same effect and whether reduced foliar damage in defended plants is the cause of this pattern. In a factorial field experiment using common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca, we induced plant defenses using jasmonic acid (JA) and imposed foliar damage using scissors. We found that JA-induced plants experienced selection for more inflorescences that were smaller in size (fewer flowers), while control plants only experienced a trend toward selection for larger inflorescences (more flowers); all effects were independent of foliar damage. Our results demonstrate that induced defenses can alter both the strength and direction of selection on reproductive traits, and suggest that antiherbivore defenses may promote the evolution of plant reproductive diversity.

scholarly journals Domestication effects on immune response: comparison of cell-mediated immune competence in wild and domesticated Bengalese finch

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenta Suzuki ◽  
Kazuo Okanoya
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Immune Competence ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Bengalese Finch ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Sexual Traits ◽  
Induced Changes

ABSTRACTDomesticated Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata var. domestica) lack natural selection pressures and consequently have more complex songs and altered behavioural and psychological traits when compared to their wild ancestor, the white-rumpud munia (Lonchura striata). Clarifying the sexual traits and life history trade-offs in Bengal finches will be help to improve our understanding of the evolution of complex songs and domesticated traits. Here, we have assessed the immune competence of the Bengalese finch and the white-rumped munia using phytohemagglutinin (PHA) tests to create an index of cell-mediated immune responses. We found that the Bengalese finch had a significantly larger immunocompetence than the white-rumped munia, indicating that they devote more resources to both immunity and reproduction. Thus, there is no trade-off but a positive relationship between immunocompetence and reproductive traits, which may be related to the release from natural selection pressures. These results will be useful in understanding the mechanisms by which domestication-induced changes due to a lack of natural selection pressure affect behavioural and physiological changes.

Genetic variation, disequilibrium and natural selection on reproductive traits in Allium vineale

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ceplitis ◽  
B. O. Bengtsson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Reproductive Traits

scholarly journals Effects of intrinsic environmental predictability on intra-individual and intra-population variability of plant reproductive traits and eco-evolutionary consequences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martí March-Salas ◽  
Guillermo Fandos ◽  
Patrick S Fitze
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Population Variability ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Environmental Predictability ◽  
Developmental Noise ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences

Abstract Background and Aims It is widely accepted that changes in the environment affect mean trait expression, but little is known about how the environment shapes intra-individual and intra-population variance. Theory suggests that intra-individual variance might be plastic and under natural selection, rather than reflecting developmental noise, but evidence for this hypothesis is scarce. Here, we experimentally tested whether differences in intrinsic environmental predictability affect intra-individual and intra-population variability of different reproductive traits, and whether intra-individual variability is under selection. Methods Under field conditions, we subjected Onobrychis viciifolia to more and less predictable precipitation over 4 generations and 4 years. We analysed effects on the coefficient of intra-individual variation (CVi-i) and the coefficient of intra-population variation (CVi-p), assessed whether the coefficients of intra-individual variation (CsVi-i) are under natural selection and tested for transgenerational responses (ancestor environmental effects on offspring). Key Results Less predictable precipitation led to higher CsVi-i and CsVi-p, consistent with plastic responses. The CsVi-i of all studied traits were under consistent stabilizing selection, and precipitation predictability affected the strength of selection and the location of the optimal CVi-i of a single trait. All CsVi-i differed from the optimal CVi-i and the maternal and offspring CsVi-i were positively correlated, showing that there was scope for change. Nevertheless, no consistent transgenerational effects were found in any of the three descendant generations, which contrasts with recent studies that detected rapid transgenerational responses in the trait means of different plant species. This suggests that changes in intra-individual variability take longer to evolve than changes in trait means, which may explain why high intra-individual variability is maintained, despite the stabilizing selection. Conclusions The results indicate that plastic changes of intra-individual variability are an important determinant of whether plants will be able to cope with changes in environmental predictability induced by the currently observed climatic change.

Natural selection hampers divergence of reproductive traits in a seed beetle

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1857-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. FRICKE ◽  
C. ANDERSSON ◽  
G. ARNQVIST
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Seed Beetle

scholarly journals Induced defences alter the strength and direction of natural selection on reproductive traits in common milkweed

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1219-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Thompson ◽  
K. A. Cory ◽  
M. T. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Induced Defences

Natural selection and "sudden death."

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-275
Author(s):  
David Chiszar ◽  
Karlana Carpen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Sudden Death

The Natural Selection of Minds

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-264
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Rychlak
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Selection Of
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