Horticultural Colour Chart. Issued by the British Colour Council in collaboration with the Royal Horticultural Society

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 76-76
Keyword(s):  
Royal Horticultural Society ◽  
Colour Chart

scholarly journals Understanding Alstroemeria pallida Flower Colour: Links between Phenotype, Anthocyanins and Gene Expression

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Amanda Donoso ◽  
Constanza Rivas ◽  
Alan Zamorano ◽  
Álvaro Peña ◽  
Michael Handford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Chalcone Synthase ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Anthocyanidin Synthase ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Royal Horticultural Society ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Colour Chart

Flower colour is mainly due to the accumulation of flavonoids, carotenoids and betalains in the petals. Of these pigments, flavonoids are responsible for a wide variety of colours ranging from pale yellow (flavones, flavonols and flavanodiols) to blue-violet (anthocyanins). This character plays a crucial ecological role by attracting and guiding pollinators. Moreover, in the ornamental plants market, colour has been consistently identified as the main feature chosen by consumers when buying flowers. Considering the importance of this character, the aim of this study was to evaluate flower colour in the native Chilean geophyte Alstroemeria pallida, by using three different approaches. Firstly, the phenotype was assessed using both a colour chart and a colourimeter, obtaining CIELab parameters. Secondly, the anthocyanin content of the pigmented tepals was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and finally, the expression of two key flavonoid genes, chalcone synthase (CHS) and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) was analysed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Visual evaluation of A. pallida flower colour identified 5 accessions, ranging from white (Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) N999D) to pink (RHS 68C). Moreover, this visual evaluation of the accessions correlated highly with the CIELab parameters obtained by colourimetry. An anthocyanidin corresponding to a putative 6-hydroxycyanidin was identified, which was least abundant in the white accession (RHS N999D). Although CHS was not expressed differentially between the accessions, the expression of ANS was significantly higher in the accession with pink flowers (RHS 68C). These results suggest a correlation between phenotype, anthocyanin content and ANS expression for determining flower colour of A. pallida, which could be of interest for further studies, especially those related to the breeding of this species with ornamental value.

scholarly journals Effect of colour and size grading of China aster (Callistephus chinensis Nees) seeds on their germination

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Rosińska ◽  
Grzegorz Rosiński ◽  
Roman Hołubowicz
Keyword(s):  
Seed Testing ◽  
Royal Horticultural Society ◽  
China Aster ◽  
Colour Chart ◽  
Size Grading ◽  
Better Than

Seeds of 3 commercial China aster (<i>Callistephus chinensis</i> Nees) lots were divided by hand into 3 grades with different colours: dark brown, brown and light brown, and 2 grades with a different size: length below 3.9 mm (small) and above 3.9 mm (large). The colour grading was done based on the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart and size grading was done by hand for each seed. Then, seeds were routinely germinated based on the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) rules. The size of seeds had no effect on their germination. The dark brown seeds germinated better than the light brown ones. Removing light brown seeds from the China aster seed lot improved their germination.

scholarly journals A Comparison of the Three Editions of the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Voss ◽  
William N. Hale
Keyword(s):  
Royal Horticultural Society ◽  
Colour Chart

scholarly journals Measuring Camellia Petal Color Using a Portable Color Sensor

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Phillip C. Post ◽  
Mark A. Schlautman
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Camellia Japonica ◽  
Color Sensor ◽  
Royal Horticultural Society ◽  
Multiple Measurements ◽  
Colour Chart ◽  
Rhs Colour Chart

The color of petals of flowering plants is often determined by comparing one or more of the petals to various Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) Colour Chart cards until a color match is found. However, these cards are susceptible to fading with age and can also provide inaccurate results if lighting is not optimal. The cards also rely on the human eye to determine a match, which introduces the possibility of human error. The objectives of this study were to determine camellia (Camellia japonica L.) petal color using the RHS Colour Chart, to determine camellia petal color with the NixTM Pro color sensor (Nix Sensor Ltd., Hamilton, Ontario, Canada), and to compare these measurements using different color measuring approaches. Color measurements of camellia flower petals using the NixTM Pro color sensor were compared to published CIELAB values from the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) Colour Chart. Forty-five petal color samples were collected from fifteen different camellia shrubs. The RHS Colour Chart was used for each of the petals, and the RHS identifications were recorded. Measurements using the NixTM Pro color sensor were compared to RHS-provided CIELAB values that corresponded with the recorded identification for each petal to determine accuracy. The NixTM Pro color sensor’s measurements were also compared to a mean of the values, multiple measurements on the same petal location, and multiple measurements on different petal locations to determine precision and variation. The Nix™ Pro color sensor’s readings were precise in petal color determination and provided more nuanced differences between petals of the same plant and plants of the same variety in each of the color categories. The RHS Colour Chart provided an accurate depiction of most petals, but it was difficult to use with petals that had wide color variation over the entire petal. The Nix™ Pro color sensor’s measurements appeared to have more variation in the b* color space. However, overall, the Nix™ Pro color sensor L*, a*, and b* values were highly correlated with the provided RHS values (p < 0.01), showing that the sensor can be used as an accurate and precise substitute for the RHS Colour Chart. The Nix™ Pro color sensor can be a useful, cost-effective tool to measure the petal color of camellia and other flowering plants and rectifies many of the problems associated with the RHS Colour Chart.

scholarly journals Experimental Paper. The effect of colour grading of milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) seeds on their quality for sowing

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Rosińska ◽  
Hanna Dorna ◽  
Dorota Szopińska ◽  
Katarzyna Seidler-Łożykowska
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Royal Horticultural Society ◽  
Final Count ◽  
Fourth Sample ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Colour Chart

Summary Introduction: Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) is a medicinal plant belonging to Asteraceae family. Extract from milk thistle achenes (termed in practice as seeds) contains sylimarin, which protects liver cells against inorganic and organic toxic compounds. Objective: The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of colour grading on the quality of milk thistle seeds. Methods: Seeds were graded manually by colour according to the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, issued in Great Britain. In three samples two fractions of seeds were separated: beige and brown, whereas seeds of the fourth sample were graded into three fractions: yellow, beige and brown. The 1000-seed weight and germination of graded and non-graded seeds were evaluated. Infestation of graded seeds with fungi was assessed. Results: Brown seeds had a higher 1000-seed weight than beige or yellow ones. Germination at the final count of beige seeds did not differ as compared to that of brown seeds or was even better. Milk thistle seeds were infested with numerous fungi, however Alternaria alternata and Ulocladium consortiale predominated. Conclusions: Less mature beige seeds can be used as sowing material because their germination at the final count did not differ as compared to that of fully mature brown seeds or was even better. Infestation of these seeds with some of the fungi was lower than brown seeds.

scholarly journals 225 Growth and Aesthetic Evaluations of Container- and Field-grown Atlantic White Cedar, Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S.P.

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 429F-430
Author(s):  
David R. Sandrock ◽  
Jean Williams-Woodward ◽  
Michael A. Dirr
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Chamaecyparis Thyoides ◽  
Atlantic White Cedar ◽  
Royal Horticultural Society ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Colour Chart ◽  
Color Texture

Fifty-four taxa of Atlantic white cedar [Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S.P.] were assembled and maintained. A protocol for propagation of Atlantic white cedar was established. Plants were grown in containers and in a replicated field plot. Height and width data were recorded from container- and field-grown plants and all taxa were evaluated for growth habit, growth rate, and summer and winter color. Color descriptions of foliage are provided based on the Royal Horticultural Society colour chart. Exceptional taxa were identified based on needle color, texture, growth habit, and growth rate. Superior green forms include Dirr Seedlings 1 and 2, `Emily', `Rachel', and `Okefenokee'. The superior variegated form is `Webb Gold'. Superior blue forms include `Blue Sport', `Glauca Pendula', and `Twombly Blue', and superior slow-growing forms include `Andelyensis', `Meth Dwarf', `Red Star', and `Heatherbun'. These taxa are recommended to growers, landscapers, and gardeners for production and use.

Disposing of John Lindley's library and herbarium: the offer to Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. LUCAS
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Final Disposal ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Royal Horticultural Society ◽  
Royal Botanic Gardens ◽  
United Kingdom Government ◽  
The University ◽  
Joseph Hooker

Shortly before he died, John Lindley decided to dispose of his herbarium and botanical library. He sold his orchid herbarium to the United Kingdom government for deposit at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and then offered his library and the remainder of his herbarium to Ferdinand Mueller in Melbourne. On his behalf, Joseph Hooker had earlier unsuccessfully offered the library and remnant herbarium to the University of Sydney, using the good offices of Sir Charles Nicholson. Although neither the University of Sydney nor Mueller was able to raise the necessary funds to purchase either collection, the correspondence allows a reconstruction of a catalogue of Lindley's library, and poses some questions about Joseph Hooker's motives in attempting to dispose of Lindley's material outside the United Kingdom. The final disposal of the herbarium to Cambridge and previous analyses of the purchase of his Library for the Royal Horticultural Society are discussed. A list of the works from Lindley's library offered for sale to Australia is appended.

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