The Appropriate Use of B-cell Function Testing in the Preclinical Period of Type 1 Diabetes

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 800-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. McCulloch ◽  
J. P. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
B Cell Function ◽  
Function Testing

Relation of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide to changes in glycaemic control and B cell function in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus

1984 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thure Krarup ◽  
Sten Madsbad ◽  
Lisbeth Regeur ◽  
Ole K. Faber ◽  
Bente Tronier
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
B Cell Function ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Abstract. The effect of strict glycaemic control on plasma immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide IR-GIP) concentrations and pancreatic B cell function as estimated by plasma C-peptide was evaluated in 14 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetics. The effect was estimated by giving a test meal before (test 1) and after (test 2) 1 week with near normal blood glucose control (mean blood glucose 6.7 ± 0.2 mmol/l) and again 3 weeks later (test 3) in the outpatient clinic. The glycaemic control was significantly improved at test 2 and test 3 compared with that of test 1. The IR-GIP concentrations before and after the meals were similar at all three tests and not different from those found in 21 normal controls. In 8 patients with a significant B cell response at test 1, B cell function was significantly improved both at test 2 and test 3 but no change in fasting or post-prandial IR-GIP concentrations was found and no correlation between B cell function and IR-GIP existed. We conclude that strict glycaemic control improves B cell function but does not modulate plasma IR-GIP concentrations. Factors other than GIP seem to be of greater importance in determining the magnitude of B cell function in Type 1 diabetes.

scholarly journals Islet expression of type I interferon response sensors is associated with immune infiltration and viral infection in type 1 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. eabd6527
Author(s):  
Paola S. Apaolaza ◽  
Diana Balcacean ◽  
Jose Zapardiel-Gonzalo ◽  
Grace Nelson ◽  
Nataliya Lenchik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Type I ◽  
Persistent Infections ◽  
Secretion Pathway ◽  
B Cell Function ◽  
Microbial Stress

Previous results indicate the presence of an interferon (IFN) signature in type 1 diabetes (T1D), capable of inducing chronic inflammation and compromising b cell function. Here, we determined the expression of the IFN response markers MxA, PKR, and HLA-I in the islets of autoantibody-positive and T1D donors. We found that these markers can be coexpressed in the same islet, are more abundant in insulin-containing islets, are highly expressed in islets with insulitis, and their expression levels are correlated with the presence of the enteroviral protein VP1. The expression of these markers was associated with down-regulation of multiple genes in the insulin secretion pathway. The coexistence of an IFN response and a microbial stress response is likely to prime islets for immune destruction. This study highlights the importance of therapeutic interventions aimed at eliminating potentially persistent infections and diminishing inflammation in individuals with T1D.

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