The Status Model of Racial Identity Development in African American Adolescents: Evidence of Structure, Trajectories, and Well-Being

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1416-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor K. Seaton ◽  
Krista Maywalt Scottham ◽  
Robert M. Sellers
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Racial Identity Development ◽  
The Status

K–12 School Counselors Utilizing Critical Race Theory to Support the Racial Identity Development and Academic Achievement of African American Males

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_part_4) ◽  
pp. 2156759X2110400
Author(s):  
Brandee Appling ◽  
Shanel Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
African American ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
School Counselors ◽  
African American Males ◽  
Racial Identity Development ◽  
Race Theory ◽  
K 12

This article examines the role of racial identity development in the academic achievement of African American adolescent males. Through the lens of critical race theory (CRT), we highlight how K–12 school counselors may support and enhance the schooling experiences of African American males by understanding and acknowledging how racial identity development may impact academic achievement. A focus on CRT in education emphasizes the continual persistence of racism ingrained in K–12 education located within the educational opportunities, curriculum, representation, and teacher perception of African American males. We offer insight into how school counselors may work to decrease barriers to achievement by analyzing the effect race and gender have on the identification, retention, and underachievement of their African American male students.

scholarly journals Biracial Group Membership Scale

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa G. Franco ◽  
Olivia L. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Black Community ◽  
Black People ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Racial Identity Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
African Heritage ◽  
The Status

With individuals of mixed African heritage increasingly identifying as Biracial, it is important to determine whether Black people continue to perceive Biracial people as members of their community. The status of Biracial individuals within the Black community has implications for the political power of the Black community and also for Biracial individuals’ racial identity development and well-being. Thus, the purpose of this study was to create a psychometrically sound measure to assess the degree to which Black people accept Biracial people as members of the Black community: the Biracial Group Membership Scale. Factor analyses were conducted with 328 Black adults. Exploratory factor analysis revealed two factors: Rejection of Biracial People and Forced Black Identity. A confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the initial factor structure. The scale related to the Attitudes Toward Multiracial Children Scale, essentialism, and items assessing interactions with Biracial individuals. Limitations, suggestions for future research, and implications are discussed.

Integrating Process with Content in Understanding African American Racial Identity Development

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista Maywalt Scottham ◽  
Deanna Y. Cooke ◽  
Robert M. Sellers ◽  
Kahlil Ford
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Racial Identity Development ◽  
Integrating Process

Invisibility Syndrome and Racial Identity Development in Psychotherapy and Counseling African American Men

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson J. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Support Group ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Racial Identity Development ◽  
Psychological Experience ◽  
Counseling Process ◽  
Dynamic Interface

Success in counseling African American men is discussed in terms of an invisibility syndrome and the role played by their racial identity development. Invisibility is considered a psychological experience wherein the person feels that his or her personal identity and ability are undermined by racism in a myriad of interpersonal circumstances. A therapy case is used to explain how this experience helps determine Black men’s perspective on cross-racial interpersonal encounters and supports racial identity development as fundamental to their personal identity and as a buffer against racism. Awareness of the dynamic interface between racism, invisibility, and racial identity development can help the counseling process and effectiveness of our interventions with African American men. Discussion of a therapeutic support group is used as an example.

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