The Devil You Know

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 962-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob B. Hirsh ◽  
Michael Inzlicht
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Feedback Information ◽  
Time Estimation Task ◽  
The Devil

Individuals differ in the extent to which they respond negatively to uncertainty. Although some individuals feel little discomfort when facing the unknown, those high in neuroticism find it aversive. We examined neurophysiological responses to uncertainty using an event-related potential framework. Participants completed a time-estimation task while their neural activity was recorded via electroencephalography. The feedbackrelated negativity (FRN), an evoked potential that peaks approximately 250 ms after the receipt of feedback information, was examined under conditions of positive, negative, and uncertain feedback. The magnitude of these responses was then analyzed in relation to individual differences in neuroticism. As expected, a larger FRN was observed after negative feedback than after positive feedback for all participants. For individuals who scored highly on trait neuroticism, however, uncertain feedback produced a larger neural response than did negative feedback. These results are discussed in terms of affective responses to uncertainty among neurotic individuals.

Cardiac and Electrophysiological Responses to Valid and Invalid Feedback in a Time-Estimation Task

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Mies ◽  
F. M. Van der Veen ◽  
J. H. M. Tulen ◽  
M. W. Hengeveld ◽  
M. W. Van der Molen
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Cardiac Response ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Cardiac Slowing ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Time Estimation Task

This study investigated the cardiac and electrophysiological responses to feedback in a time-estimation task in which feedback-validity was manipulated. Participants across a wide age range had to produce 1 s intervals followed by positive and negative feedback that was valid or invalid (i.e., related or unrelated to the preceding time estimate). Performance results showed that they processed the information provided by the feedback. Negative feedback was associated with a transient cardiac slowing only when feedback was valid. Correct adjustments after valid negative feedback were associated with a more pronounced cardiac slowing. Validity did not affect the feedback-related negativity (FRN), except when remedial action was taken into account. The FRN and cardiac response to feedback decreased with advancing age, but performance did not. The current pattern of findings was interpreted to suggest that the FRN and cardiac response signal “alert” and that the cardiac response, but not the FRN, is implicated in the mechanisms invoked in remedial action.

Mediofrontal Negativities to Averted Gains and Losses in the Slot-Machine Task

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franc C.L. Donkers ◽  
Geert J.M. van Boxtel
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Slot Machine ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Time Estimation Task ◽  
Gains And Losses

Abstract: In a previous study we addressed the question whether a feedback-related negativity (FRN) can be elicited by outcomes that are not contingent on any preceding choice or action ( Donkers, Nieuwenhuis, & Van Boxtel, 2005 ). Participants took part in a simple slot-machine task in which they experienced monetary gains and losses in the absence of responses. In addition, they performed a time estimation task often used to study the FRN, and a flanker task known to elicit the error-related negativity (Ne/ERN). Outcomes in the slot-machine task elicited a mediofrontal negativity whose amplitude correlated with the amplitude of the FRN associated with negative feedback in the time estimation task. However, the mediofrontal negativity was observed both for (unfavorable) outcomes that averted a gain and for (favorable) outcomes that averted a loss of money, a finding that is inconsistent with previous FRN research. In the present study we examined the similarity between the mediofrontal negativity observed in the slot-machine task and the frequency-sensitive N2. We manipulated the overall frequency of obtaining gains and losses in the slot-machine task and compared the negativities on averted gains and losses across the different trial probabilities. The results showed that larger feedback-related negativities were elicited by unexpected unfavorable outcomes than by expected unfavorable outcomes.

The effects of sleep loss in a combined tracking and time estimation task

Ergonomics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARRIE G. M. BOHNEN ◽  
ANTHONY W. K. GAILLARD
Keyword(s):  
Time Estimation ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Time Estimation Task

Activation of insular cortex and subcortical regions related to feedback stimuli in a time estimation task: An fMRI study

2006 ◽  
Vol 399 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuji Tsukamoto ◽  
Yasunori Kotani ◽  
Yoshimi Ohgami ◽  
Kazufumi Omura ◽  
Yusuke Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
Time Estimation Task

Development of Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (Peter): Time Estimation

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 655-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Mc Cauley ◽  
Robert S. Kennedy ◽  
Alvah C. Bittner
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Constant Error ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Variable Error ◽  
Time Estimation Task

A time-estimation task was considered for inclusion in the Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (PETER) battery. As part of this consideration, the effects of repeated testing on the reliability of time judgments were studied. The method of production was used to estimate eight time intervals. Five trials per day at each interval were administered individually to each of 19 subjects for 15 consecutive workdays. Two scores, constant error and variable error, were reported. The effect of days was not significant for constant error and was moderate for variable error ( p < .04). The standard deviations were relatively stable across trials. A pronounced decline in reliability over repeated days of testing was found for both errors. It was concluded that this time-estimation test would be a poor candidate for inclusion in PETER, but further research is warranted because of the potential unique contribution of a time-estimation task in a performance test battery.

A common processing system for duration, order and spatial information: evidence from a time estimation task

2008 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Conson ◽  
Fausta Cinque ◽  
Anna Maria Barbarulo ◽  
Luigi Trojano
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Time Estimation Task

scholarly journals dACC Response to Presentation of Negative Feedback Identifies Stimulant Dependence Diagnoses and Stimulant Use Severity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Claus ◽  
Matthew S. Shane
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Error Monitoring ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Stimulant Use ◽  
Core Reduction ◽  
Time Estimation Task ◽  
Following Error ◽  
Stimulant Dependence

AbstractError-monitoring abnormalities in stimulant-dependent individuals (SDIs) may be due to reduced awareness of committed errors, or to reduced sensitivity upon such awareness. The distinction between these alternatives remains largely undifferentiated, but may have substantial clinical relevance. We sought to better characterize the nature, and clinical relevance, of SDIs’ error-monitoring processes by comparing carefully isolated neural responses during the presentation of negative feedback to a) stimulant dependence status and b) lifetime stimulant use. Forty-eight SDIs and twenty-three non-SDIs performed an fMRI-based time-estimation task specifically designed to isolate neural responses associated with the presentation (versus expectation) of contingent negative feedback. SDIs showed reduced dACC response compared to non-SDIs following the presentation of negative feedback, but only when error expectancies were controlled. Moreover, lifetime stimulant use correlated negatively with magnitude of dACC attenuation. While this findings was minimized after controlling for age, these results suggest that SDIs may be characterized by a core reduction in neural activity following error feedback, in the context of intact feedback expectancies. Correlations with lifetime stimulant use suggest that this neural attenuation may hold clinical significance.

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