Two Cases of Symptomatic Cluster-Like Headache Suggest the Importance of Sympathetic/Parasympathetic Balance

Cephalalgia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1069-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Straube ◽  
T Freilinger ◽  
T Rüther ◽  
C Padovan

Despite several reports on symptomatic cluster-like headache, there is no clear explanation of how different lesions thought to be causative are related to cluster-like headache. On the basis of two additional cases of symptomatic cluster headache, we discuss the possibility that an acute imbalance of the autonomic nervous system, namely a net overactivity of the parasympathetic system, may be able to trigger these headache attacks in patients who probably have an additional individual predisposition to react with a cluster-like headache. Such an imbalance can be due to an increase in parasympathetic tone (e.g. stimulation of parasympathetic fibres) or to a reduction of the sympathetic tone (e.g. a lesion of the sympathetic fibres).

Author(s):  
P.A. Bayguzhin ◽  
D.Z. Shibkova ◽  
A.E. Batueva ◽  
A.A. Kudryashov ◽  
O.V. Bayguzhina

The goal of the paper is to reveal the peculiarities of the autonomous nervous system responsiveness under emotiogenic video content in students with different initial vegetative tones. Materials and Methods. The authors examined 33 volunteers, their average age was 21.4±1.5. According to the stress index (SI), the subjects were divided into two groups: in the 1st group (n=14) a sympathetic tone of the autonomic nervous system prevailed (SI>140); in the 2nd group (n=19) initially, there dominated a parasympathetic tone (SI<140). Viewing video content with emotiogenic fragments served as a model for emotion induction. The responsibility of the autonomic nervous system was determined according to the change of indicators in temporal (RRNN, SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50) and mathematical analysis (heart rate, M, Mo, AMo, index of vegetative balance, vegetative rhythm indicator, tension index) of the cardiac rhythmogram. The cardiac rhythmogram was divided into successive analysis steps, which lasted 100 cardiac cycles synchronized with each episode of the stimulus video. Results. Regardless of the video valency, the indicators of a temporary RMSSD and pNN50 analysis are sensitive indicators of heart rate variability under emotiogenic video content in individuals with initial parasympathetic tone; in individuals with initial sympathetic tone these are the indicators of mathematical analysis – the index of vegetative balance and index of tension while watching a video evoking negative emotions. The revealed peculiarities of the vegetative body support at the stages following the exposure to the emotiogenic factors characterize stress-reactive thinking or rumination. The authors registered significant increase in heart rate in individuals with initial parasympathetic tone, whereas in individuals with initial sympathetic tone, there was a certain increase in vagal activity associated with SDNN and pNN50 increase. Conclusion. While evaluating the emotiogenic factor influence on the organism, evident in the autonomic nervous system responsiveness, one should consider the initial autonomic tone of the subjects, the degree of variability, the intensity of changes, and the sensitivity of heart rate variability. Keywords: reactivity, autonomic nervous system, heart rate variability, emotiogenic factor, video content, rumination, students. Цель работы. Выявить особенности реактивности автономной нервной системы при воздействии эмоциогенного видеоконтента у студентов с различным исходным вегетативным тонусом. Материалы и методы. На основании добровольного согласия обследовано 33 чел., средний возраст которых составил 21,4±1,5 года. В зависимости от величины индекса напряжения (ИН) обследуемые были разделены на две группы: 1-я группа (n=14) – с преобладанием симпатического тонуса автономной нервной системы (ИН>140 ед.); 2-я группа (n=19) – с исходным преобладанием парасимпатического тонуса (ИН<140 ед.). Моделью индукции эмоций являлся просмотр видеоконтента, содержащего эмоциогенные фрагменты. Реактивность автономной нервной системы определялась по степени изменения показателей временного (RRNN, SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50) и математического анализа (ЧСС, M, Mo, AMo, ИВР, ВПР, ИН) кардиоритмограммы. Кардиоритмограмма делилась на последовательные этапы анализа, длительность которых составляла 100 кардиоциклов, синхронизированных с каждым фрагментом стимульного видеоряда. Результаты. Чувствительными показателями вариабельности сердечного ритма при воздействии эмоциогенного видеоконтента у лиц с исходным парасимпатическим тонусом являются показатели временного анализа RMSSD и pNN50, независимо от валентности видеоролика; у лиц с исходным симпатическим тонусом – показатели математического анализа – индекс вегетативного равновесия (ИВР) и ИН при восприятии видеоролика, индуцирующего отрицательные эмоции. Выявленные особенности вегетативного обеспечения организма на этапах, следующих после воздействия эмоциогенного фактора, характерны для состояния стресс-реактивного размышления, или руминации. У лиц с исходным парасимпатическим тонусом регистрировалось значимое увеличение ЧСС, у лиц с исходным симпатическим тонусом – характерное увеличение вагусной активности на фоне увеличения показателей SDNN и pNN50. Выводы. Эффекты воздействия эмоциогенного фактора на организм, выраженные в особенностях реактивности автономной нервной системы, должны оцениваться с учетом исходного вегетативного тонуса обследуемых, степени вариативности, интенсивности изменений, а также чувствительности показателей вариабельности сердечного ритма. Ключевые слова: реактивность, автономная нервная система, вариабельность сердечного ритма, эмоциогенный фактор, видеоконтент, руминация, студенты.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 276-278
Author(s):  
L Liu ◽  
N Milkova ◽  
M Ali ◽  
K Sharma ◽  
J D Huizinga ◽  
...  

Abstract Background A defecation reflex involves sensory information from the colon sent to the central nervous system which results in propulsive motor patterns in the colon through programmed neural activity from the autonomic nervous system. Neurological causes of constipation are recognized but specific neurological pathways that contribute to pathophysiology of the disease is underexplored. Diagnosis and treatment usually do not involve the autonomic nervous system. Aims Our objective was to assess autonomic dysfunction and abnormal defecation reflexes as a possible cause of chronic constipation. Methods Defecation reflexes were assessed by high-resolution colonic manometry through balloon distention, meal intake, and rectal bisacodyl. Specific heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were used to assess general orthostatic autonomic reactivity, and autonomic functioning during high resolution colonic manometry, in 14 patients with chronic refractory constipation considered for surgery. Results All patients had a unique combination of motility, reflex ability and HRV profiles. Patients overall did not generate HAPWs or had lower HAPW amplitude and lower propulsive activity compared to healthy individuals. Half of the 14 patients were tested to have high sympathetic tone based on Baevsky’s stress index prior to HRCM, and 11 of the patients had sympathetic hyper-reactivity and/or low parasympathetic reactivity to at least one type of colonic stimulation during HRCM. Abnormal autonomic tone or autonomic reactivity to colonic stimulation was present in all four patients with absence of the vagosacral defecation reflex. Five of the seven patients with absence of the sacral defecation reflex showed high sympathetic tone or high sympathetic reactivity to stimulation. Only two patients had abnormality in coloanal coordination and this was associated with low parasympathetic reactivity to stimulation in both patients. Conclusions The assumption that colonic resection was needed to remove an inert colon was wrong in most patients, but most patients had some form of reflex abnormality. Sympathetic dominance far outweighed parasympathetic dysfunction. Incorporation of assessments of defecation reflexes and autonomic nervous system activity into diagnosis of chronic refractory constipation provides a comprehensive pathophysiological understanding of specific defective neurological pathways contributing to dysmotility. This forms the basis for our individualized treatment efforts through sacral neuromodulation. Funding Agencies CIHR


1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A Fraser ◽  
Samuel S Lee

The role of the autonomic nervous system in circulatory regulation of the splanchnic organs (stomach, small intestine, colon, liver, pancreas and spleen) is reviewed. In general, the sympathetic nervous system is primarily involved in vasoconstriction, while the parasympathetic contributes to vasodilation. Vasoconstriction in the splanchnic circulation appears to be mediated by alpha-2 receptors and vasodilation by activation of primary afferent nerves with subsequent release of vasodilatory peptides, or by stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors. As well, an important function of the autonomic nervous system is to provide a mechanism by which splanchnic vascular reserve can be mobilized during stress to maintain overall cardiovascular homeostasis.


1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. S28-S30
Author(s):  
S. Cevoli ◽  
G. Pierangeli ◽  
P. Cortelli

Author(s):  
Sergii Tukaiev ◽  
Yurii Havrylets ◽  
Volodymyr Rizun ◽  
Maksym Khylko ◽  
Igor Zyma ◽  
...  

The pattern and nature of autonomic nervous system responses largely depend on the type of emotion. The study was aimed at defining shifts in the autonomic nervous system that accompany the emotional activation under the influence of emotionally accented TV news. Results indicated that a heart rate decelerated in a few minutes after the watching neutral video set. At the same time, throughout the viewing of the video, the activity of the parasympathetic system and the stress index decreased. Negatively accented TV news caused more complex changes. For men, the significant changes in heart rate were recorded only during the first TV news items. On the other hand, negative TV news stories elicited the most significant changes in parasympathetic system and stress index – these changes occurred in the middle of exposure to negative TV news set. The impact was stronger and more complicated for women and consisted of decreasing heart rate while watching TV news stories and accelerating heartbeats in the pause between them. A significant decrease in the parasympathetic system activity occurred after watching negative TV news. Regarding all the parameters, negative TV news stories exerted more significant influence on the psycho-physiological condition of the volunteers than neutral TV stories. Our study revealed the short-term media effects of negative and neutral TV news on the activation patterns of the autonomic nervous system. The short-term reactions of the individual to the mass media are those bricks that underlie a large-scale picture of the media impact on a mass audience. The fact of the existence of short-term media effects gives the base for a further research on the cumulative nature of TV news content’s impact on people, including the longitudinal perspective of media effects.


2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
Kyeong Han Kim ◽  
Jong Uk Kim ◽  
Bo Hyun Kim ◽  
Jin Hyeon Shin ◽  
Seong Jin Hong ◽  
...  

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