Alternative Pathways of Glucose Utilization in Brain: Changes in the Pattern of Glucose Utilization and of the Response of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway to 5-Hydroxytryptamine During Aging

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salmata Zubairu ◽  
John S. Hothersall ◽  
Asia El-Hassan ◽  
P. McLean ◽  
A. Leslie Greenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Pentose Phosphate Pathway ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Alternative Pathways ◽  
Brain Changes

Positional information and pattern regulation in hydra: enzyme profiles

Development ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-867
Author(s):  
Najma Zaheer Baquer ◽  
Patricia McLean ◽  
Amata Hornbruch ◽  
L. Wolpert
Keyword(s):  
Pentose Phosphate Pathway ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Positional Information ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Redox Systems ◽  
Metabolic Pattern ◽  
Alternative Pathways ◽  
Redox States ◽  
Pattern Regulation

Certain key enzymes of alternative pathways of glucose metabolism, of amino acid metabolism and of redox systems have been measured in hydra and this profile compared with mammalian differentiated tissues with a view to locating pathways of specific importance in hydra. There was a marked constant proportionality in the major part of the enzymes investigated, the profile suggested a metabolic pattern geared to utilization of amino acids as a carbon source for biosynthesis and energy production and to the production and conservation of pyruvate. The importance of conversion to ionized forms was noted. The most notable specific proportion changes were the exceptionally low lactate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and the relatively high citrate synthase. The proximal-distal gradients in hydra were examined and these gradients suggested a switch to a more anaerobic type of metabolism and an elevation of the pentose phosphate pathway as the basal region was approached. Measurements of the formation of 14CO2 from specifically labelled glucose provided additional evidence for the functional activity and polarity of the pentose phosphate pathway in hydra. The effect of oligomycin, which can reverse polarity in hydra, had a significant effect on gradients of enzymes eliminating all except that observed for G6P dehydrogenase. The profile suggested a movement towards a more anaerobic type of metabolism, in keeping with the known biochemical action of this inhibitor. It is suggested that redox states and/or phosphorylation states may be featured in the positional information of cells in hydra.

Metabolic flux pattern of glucose utilization by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris: prevalent role of the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and minor fluxes through the pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2663-2676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Schatschneider ◽  
Claudia Huber ◽  
Heiko Neuweger ◽  
Tony Francis Watt ◽  
Alfred Pühler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pentose Phosphate Pathway ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris Pv Campestris

Complex metabolic flux pattern ofX. campestris.

Cerebral glucose use measured with [14C]glucose labeled in the 1, 2, or 6 position

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. C170-C176 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hawkins ◽  
A. M. Mans ◽  
D. W. Davis ◽  
J. R. Vina ◽  
L. S. Hibbard
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Pentose Phosphate Pathway ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Glucose Release ◽  
14Co2 Evolution ◽  
Cerebral Glucose Utilization

The efficacy of [14C]glucose molecules labeled in various positions as tracers of regional cerebral glucose utilization (rCMRGlc) was examined in rats. Arteriovenous differences of different [14C]-glucose species and 14CO2 were measured across brain to determine the relative rates of 14CO2 loss. As anticipated, 14CO2 evolution decreased in the order: [U-14C]glucose greater than [2-14C]glucose greater than [1-14C]glucose greater than [6-14C]glucose. Release of 14CO2 from [6-14C]glucose was undetectable at 5 min and barely detectable at 10 min, and release from [1-14C]glucose, which includes the pentose phosphate pathway, was only slightly greater. rCMRGlc was measured with [1-14C]-,[2-14C]-, or [6-14C]glucose in 5-min experiments. The results of [1-14C]- and [6-14C]glucose were indistinguishable; no difference due to the activity of the pentose phosphate pathway was found. Both [1-14C]- and [6-14C]-glucose gave values similar to, but on the whole slightly higher than, [2-14C]glucose. It was concluded that when knowledge of total rCMRGlc is required, [6-14C]glucose is the labeled substrate of choice. When the experimental objective is measurement of energy metabolism, use of [1-14C]glucose avoids inclusion of the nonenergy-yielding pentose phosphate pathway.

Pathways of glucose utilization in mammary tissue

1958 ◽  
Vol 149 (936) ◽  
pp. 354-362 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Alternative Pathways ◽  
Enzyme Reactions ◽  
Alternative Routes ◽  
Micro Organisms

Although the most important method of glucose catabolism is undoubtedly by degradation via the classical Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas glycolytic pathway followed by oxidation of the triose by the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the existence of alternative routes of oxidation is now certain and these can, indeed, operate exclusively in some micro-organisms. Of these alternative pathways, the most important is that originally discovered by Warburg in yeast extracts and is now generally referred to as the pentose phosphate pathway. The pioneer work of Warburg, Lipmann and Dickens has been reviewed by Dickens (1953). Renewed interest in this pathway during the last few years has established its widespread occurrence in animal tissues, plants and micro-organisms. Precise evidence for its cyclic nature and characterization of the intermediates and enzyme reactions involved can be attributed chiefly to Horecker and Racker and their co-workers (Horecker & Mehler 1955; Gunsalas, Horecker & Wood 1955; Racker 1957). This somewhat complex cycle is shown in figure 31. Of the three glucose 6-phosphate molecules required for each turn of the cycle, two are regenerated from pentose phosphate by reactions catalyzed by transketolase and transaldolase. All of these enzyme reactions, like those of the glycolytic route, are localized essentially in the soluble fraction of cell homogenates (Glock & McLean 1954; Newburgh & Cheldelin 1956).

scholarly journals Systematic Identification of Regulators of Oxidative Stress Reveals Non-canonical Roles for Peroxisomal Import and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Cell Reports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1417-1433.e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Dubreuil ◽  
David W. Morgens ◽  
Kanji Okumoto ◽  
Masanori Honsho ◽  
Kévin Contrepois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pentose Phosphate Pathway ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Systematic Identification
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