The Explosive Combination of Inefficient Local Bureaucracies and Mining Production: Evidence from Localized Societal Protests in Peru

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 118-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo F. Ponce ◽  
Cynthia McClintock
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Natural Resource Extraction ◽  
Social Protests ◽  
Significant Independent Variable ◽  
Independent Variable

AbstractAlthough numerous scholars have analyzed the effects of natural resource extraction at the national level, few have explored it systematically at the local level. Focusing on Peru, where both mining production and local social protests have greatly increased in recent years and where a new tax has required mining companies to transfer revenue to subnational governments, this study explores the resource curse at the local level. In particular, why do protests arise mostly in the areas of natural resource extraction? Employing subnational data for Peru for the period 2004–9 and LAPOP survey data from 2010, the research confirms previous findings that social conflict is provoked by both the negative externalities of mining and the revenues from the new tax. The article further demonstrates that local bureaucratic capacity is a significant independent variable. Greater subnational bureaucratic capacity can ameliorate the pernicious societal effects of a local resource curse.

scholarly journals Deep Determinants of Corruption? A Subnational Analysis of Resource Curse Dynamics in American States

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tyburski ◽  
Patrick Egan ◽  
Aaron Schneider
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Natural Resource Extraction ◽  
American States ◽  
Determinants Of Corruption ◽  
The Impact

Drawing on comparative resource curse literature and American literature on the determinants of corruption, we argue that the impact of natural resource extraction on corruption outcomes is state-dependent. That is, in environments where corruption is already high, natural resource windfalls allow political actors and economic elites to take advantage of state brokerage, further increasing corruption. However, in previously less-corrupt states, increased natural resource extraction will not induce corruption. We rely on hierarchical linear models to interpret federal corruption convictions data for the fifty American states between 1976 and 2012 and employ generalized method of moments estimators to account for potential endogeneity. The findings are robust to alternative specifications and have implications for the management of new resource extraction opportunities.

Mining the state : the subnational consequences of natural resource extraction on citizen engagement

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rebecca Miller
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
The State ◽  
Resource Extraction

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Scholars link natural resource wealth to a host of anti-democratic consequences. The bulk of this literature focuses on the consequences of oil revenues, which have the power to dramatically transform a country. However, mining can have a similar effect subnationally. At the local level, mining dominates an economy. The mining industry's economic power in areas of weak local governance can produce a competing governing entity. This effect is most pronounced within the realm of public goods provision. Given mining's ability to become a competing state-like entity, this dissertation asks how resource extraction influences citizen interactions with the state. Focusing specifically on the Republic of South Africa, I find that mining leads to increases in political trust, but also results in increases in support for authoritarian service providers. In addition, I find that mining reduces citizen voice, by both reducing the count of protests and decreasing voter turnout. These findings contribute to the resource curse literature by demonstrating that mining can promote a political resource curse while also addressing issues of local economic development.

scholarly journals Arctic meltdown: A problematic property rights structure translates into poor resource management

SURG Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Olivia Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Tragedy Of The Commons ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Natural Resource Extraction ◽  
The Commons

As access to the Arctic region continues to grow, many land-use issues have become increasingly prominent. The exposure of shorter shipping routes, unresolved maritime boundaries between the bordering states, and most importantly, the plethora of renewable and non-renewable resources in the region have created a strain on international relations between the states bordering the Arctic. Rising global temperatures have created the promise and opportunity of better access to natural resources in the coming years, raising the likelihood of potentially substantial economic gains to the bordering states. However, the current property rights structure in the Arctic, as governed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), dictates that the jurisdiction of each coastal nation state shall not exceed past 200 nautical miles beyond the coastline of each respective state. The goal of this report is to provide an assessment of the basic property rights that govern the Arctic territory in an attempt to illuminate how current and future inefficiencies in natural resource extraction and management can result from a poor property rights structure. The current property rights structure has led to a departure from an efficient allocation of rights and as a result currently operates under an anticommons scenario, while also setting the stage for a tragedy of the commons in the not so distant future. To move away from these sub-optimal outcomes and toward more efficient resource management, open communication, cooperation, and better defined property rights are important components needed to strengthen resource management among Arctic states. Keywords: Arctic land-use and property rights (assessment of); natural resource extraction and management (inefficiencies in); anticommons scenario; tragedy of the commons; Arctic Council; UNCLOS

Discussing natural resource extraction in cultural landscapes as a cultural value

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia O'Donnell ◽  
Christophe Rivet
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Natural Resource Extraction ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The World ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeNatural resource extraction is perceived as a destructive aspect of human culture. This characterization is widespread, despite the activity having shaped relationships between communities and their environment to create entire sets of cultural values and expressions through settlement patterns, traditional skills and practices, innovation and technology, intangible cultural expressions, local economies and more. The cultural dimensions of natural resource extraction landscapes were discussed at the ICOMOS ADCOM Annual Symposium in La Plata, Argentina, in December 2018. The workshop included experts in cultural landscapes, sustainability, industrial archaeology and industrial heritage. This paper reports on these issues and deliberations focusing on World Heritage cultural landscapes of extraction.Design/methodology/approachThe report considers a broad survey of the World Heritage List and sites on national Tentative Lists to identify those related to natural extraction sites and distinguishing between categories of relict vs. living, and between the types of natural resources being extracted.FindingsThe conclusion is that the World Heritage Committee has yet to address the living value of natural resource extraction. Furthermore, the workshop attendants concluded that there is a pressing need to do so in light of the type, nature and sustainability of these sites. As the source of materials for many outstanding sites on the World Heritage List and the decreasing availability of some resources, the question requires consideration to ensure the sustainable use and livelihood of communities.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations are set by the general terms of the survey and the limited engagement of knowledgeable individuals.Practical implicationsThe practical implications are related to guidance to review and analyse potential living cultural landscapes related to natural resource extraction.Originality/valueThere is no general discussion on this topic yet amongst professionals. The initiative of the workshop identified that gap and its related necessity to provide guidance.

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