Mining the state : the subnational consequences of natural resource extraction on citizen engagement

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rebecca Miller
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
The State ◽  
Resource Extraction

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Scholars link natural resource wealth to a host of anti-democratic consequences. The bulk of this literature focuses on the consequences of oil revenues, which have the power to dramatically transform a country. However, mining can have a similar effect subnationally. At the local level, mining dominates an economy. The mining industry's economic power in areas of weak local governance can produce a competing governing entity. This effect is most pronounced within the realm of public goods provision. Given mining's ability to become a competing state-like entity, this dissertation asks how resource extraction influences citizen interactions with the state. Focusing specifically on the Republic of South Africa, I find that mining leads to increases in political trust, but also results in increases in support for authoritarian service providers. In addition, I find that mining reduces citizen voice, by both reducing the count of protests and decreasing voter turnout. These findings contribute to the resource curse literature by demonstrating that mining can promote a political resource curse while also addressing issues of local economic development.

The Explosive Combination of Inefficient Local Bureaucracies and Mining Production: Evidence from Localized Societal Protests in Peru

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 118-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo F. Ponce ◽  
Cynthia McClintock
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Natural Resource Extraction ◽  
Social Protests ◽  
Significant Independent Variable ◽  
Independent Variable

AbstractAlthough numerous scholars have analyzed the effects of natural resource extraction at the national level, few have explored it systematically at the local level. Focusing on Peru, where both mining production and local social protests have greatly increased in recent years and where a new tax has required mining companies to transfer revenue to subnational governments, this study explores the resource curse at the local level. In particular, why do protests arise mostly in the areas of natural resource extraction? Employing subnational data for Peru for the period 2004–9 and LAPOP survey data from 2010, the research confirms previous findings that social conflict is provoked by both the negative externalities of mining and the revenues from the new tax. The article further demonstrates that local bureaucratic capacity is a significant independent variable. Greater subnational bureaucratic capacity can ameliorate the pernicious societal effects of a local resource curse.

scholarly journals Determinants of voter turnout in Nsukka Council of Enugu State, South Eastern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (45) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cletus Famous Nwankwo
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractVoting is becoming of significance in Nigeria, as in many other countries in Africa. Although Nigerian electoral politics has attracted full attention from scholars, there is little research on the factors that determine voter turnout in the country at the local level, especially the South-East geopolitical zone (GPZ). This paper is a stepwise logistic regression analysis of the determinants of voting in Nsukka council in Enugu State, South-East GPZ of Nigeria. The results show that age (0.230), education (0.532), marital status (1.355), political trust (1.309) and partisanship (˗0.570) are significant predictors of voter turnout. The effect of age, education, marital status and political trust on voting is positive and statistically significant, but partisanship has a statistically significant negative relationship with voting (p<0.01). The paper highlights the importance of local level geographical differentials in the factors influencing voting in Nigeria.

scholarly journals The ‘silent pistol’ in Ghana’s local government system: presiding members vs. chief executives

2016 ◽  
pp. 161-180
Author(s):  
Issah Justice Musah-Surugu ◽  
Emmanuel Yeboah-Assiamah
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Chief Executives ◽  
Main Research

Decentralisation and local governance aim at local economic development, but collaboration among key actors at the local level is essential in realising this objective. However, at district assembly level Ghana exhibits problematic conflicts between district chief executives (DCEs), who head the executive committee, and presiding members (PMs) who convene and preside over assembly deliberations, acting as speaker. This study aims to unpack the main causes of such unsavoury conflicts by using 13 case studies from the Ashanti Region. Both primary and secondary data were collected for the study. Primary data was gathered from a selection of 40 key informants drawn from three main groups including DCEs, PMs, and other stakeholders such as regional coordinating council members, assembly members and chiefs. The main research instrument was one-on-one in-depth interviews with participants. The study found deep-seated conflicts between DCEs and PMs, in some cases even transcending these two actors to involve a greater section of actors within the local government administration. The study noted that professional bureaucrats within the local government service are affected when allegations of affiliation are levelled against them. The study also found that the legal status of DCEs and PMs appears to be the main driver of potential conflict, although other context-specific issues were also prevalent.

scholarly journals Deep Determinants of Corruption? A Subnational Analysis of Resource Curse Dynamics in American States

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tyburski ◽  
Patrick Egan ◽  
Aaron Schneider
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Natural Resource Extraction ◽  
American States ◽  
Determinants Of Corruption ◽  
The Impact

Drawing on comparative resource curse literature and American literature on the determinants of corruption, we argue that the impact of natural resource extraction on corruption outcomes is state-dependent. That is, in environments where corruption is already high, natural resource windfalls allow political actors and economic elites to take advantage of state brokerage, further increasing corruption. However, in previously less-corrupt states, increased natural resource extraction will not induce corruption. We rely on hierarchical linear models to interpret federal corruption convictions data for the fifty American states between 1976 and 2012 and employ generalized method of moments estimators to account for potential endogeneity. The findings are robust to alternative specifications and have implications for the management of new resource extraction opportunities.

Spatial Selectivity of the State? The Regulationist Enigma and Local Struggles over Economic Governance

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Jones
Keyword(s):  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
State Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Spatial Selectivity ◽  
Regulation Theory ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Régulation Theory

In this paper I assess the value of regulation theory for studying transformations in governance at the local level, focusing on the issue of local economic development. Adopting a third-generation approach, regulation theory is recognised as having varied success at theorising local governance. More advanced third-generation approaches offer some useful concepts that require integration through mid-level concepts. This is to be contrasted to approaches which ‘read off’ local transformation from broader macroeconomic change. Both approaches are, however, trapped in the regulationist enigma, defined in the paper as the difficulty of employing regulation theory to theorise local transformations in local governance. In order to solve the enigma, I utilise concepts from Jessop's strategic-relational state theory. This approach stresses, amongst other things, the political nature of state intervention. Jessop's approach is, however, not sufficiently sensitive to space and I introduce the notion of spatial selectivity to understand adequately the dynamics of local change. Spatial selectivity implies that the state has a tendency to privilege certain places through accumulation strategies, state projects, and hegemonic projects. The process of geographical privileging, which is implied by the notion of spatial selectivity, takes on both material and ideological forms. This tentative concept is explored through a reworking of theoretical approaches to Thatcherism. I conclude by highlighting issues that spatial selectivity needs to address, namely uneven development and structure—strategy—agency dialectics.

Entrepreneurial Eco-Systems for Sustainable Community-Based Tourism Development in Albania

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-137
Author(s):  
Aida Ciro ◽  
Merita Toska
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Local Initiatives

The tourism sector in Albania has been upheld as a government development priority and a promising window for overall local economic development. Although these ambitions have started to shape the governance of the sector, the inherent challenges on a governance level have meant that most of the tourism development on a local level is being led by local initiatives and the private sector service providers. These initiatives are often fueled by entrepreneurial drive and are sustained by a network of local community actors, giving rise to applied models of sustainable tourism development, as shown by numerous agritourist enterprises emerging across Albania. Through a case study approach, this chapter will focus on the role entrepreneurial eco-systems rooted in local communities can play in the development of sustainable tourism models in Albania.

Unpacking the Local Resource Curse: How Externalities and Governance Shape Social Conflict

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renard Sexton
Keyword(s):  
Social Conflict ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
Extractive Industries ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Local Resource ◽  
Natural Resource Extraction ◽  
Causal Pathway ◽  
Livestock Health

Natural resource extraction is economically important in many developing countries, but social conflict can threaten the viability of the sector. This article examines why polluting extractive industries sometimes generate social mobilization but often do not. First, I distinguish acute, highly visible environmental externalities from chronic, less observable pollution, showing that only the former generate social mobilization. Second, I explore how high-quality local governance can mitigate the local resource curse dynamic by both reducing pollution and improving compensation in mining-intensive areas. The analysis uses microlevel data on extractive commodities, water pollution, children’s and livestock health, local government quality, and mining-related social conflict in Peru to demonstrate the full causal pathway of the local resource curse.

Local Economic Development in Area-based Urban Regeneration in Germany

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 523-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Weck
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
The State ◽  
Federal States ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into

The article is intended to give insight into the state of the art of local economic development in area-based urban regeneration in Germany. The impor-tance of local economic development has been widely recognised and a series of workshops, evaluation reports and programmes has been initiated to promote this policy area. A set of policy programmes has been developed to support integrated action in distressed urban areas. There are no radical changes in the different programme designs, but rather subsequent adaptations and amplifications through time. Policy learning has taken place in a process cutting across all levels of government. The state of the art of local economic development is illustrated using the example of the city of Gelsenkirchen in order to see how different funding programmes on the national and/or Länder (federal states) level are applied and combined on the local level, and how they help to formulate an integrated urban renewal approach. A range of policy challenges remains. The challenges on the local level include, for example, the development of strategic capacity in designing and implementing local-economic development measures.

The Participation Paradox of Indigenous Autonomy in Mexico

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan T. Hiskey ◽  
Gary L. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Local Autonomy ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Indigenous Autonomy ◽  
Indigenous Institutions

AbstractAs indigenous movements around the world seek to strengthen their collective voice in their respective political systems, efforts continue to design political institutions that offer both sufficient local autonomy and incentives to participate in the broader political system. The state of Oaxaca, Mexico, offers a test case of one such effort at indigenous-based institutional design. This article argues that such reforms often fail to confront the tension between local autonomy and citizen engagement in politics outside the borders of the community. Testing this theory through a comparative analysis of voter turnout rates in municipalities across the state of Oaxaca and the neighboring state of Guerrero, this study finds that the adoption of indigenous institutions at the local level is associated with significantly lower voter turnout rates for national elections.

Local Politics and the Resource Curse: Natural Resources, Interest Heterogeneity and Protest in Bolivia

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-403
Author(s):  
Anaïd Flesken ◽  
Annegret Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resource ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Political Views

AbstractStudies of public contentious action in response to mineral resource extraction have rarely employed quantitative methods. In a highly disaggregated statistical analysis we examine local protest dynamics in Bolivia and argue for a political conditioning of the so-called resource curse. We find that mineral gas resources spark disputes over both extraction and rent redistribution at the local level, and that this relationship is especially pronounced where the population has highly heterogenous political values and interests. In contrast, where the population is relatively united in their political views, significantly fewer protests occur.

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