Altered interaction between cardiac vagal influence and delta sleep EEG suggests an altered neuroplasticity in patients suffering from major depressive disorder

Abstract Background: Previous studies have shown escitalopram is related to sleep quality. However, effects of escitalopram on dynamics of electroencephalogram (EEG) features especially during different sleep stages have not been reported. This study may help to reveal pharmacological mechanism underlying escitalopram treatment.Methods: The spatial and temporal responses of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) to escitalopram treatment were analyzed in this study. Eleven MDD patients and eleven healthy control subjects who completed whole tests were included in the final statistics. Six-channel sleep EEG signals were acquired during sleep. Power spectrum and nonlinear dynamics were used to analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics features of the sleep EEG after escitalopram treatment. Results: For temporal dynamics: after treatment, there was a significant increase in the relative energy (RE) of band, accompanied by a significant decrease in the RE of band. Lempel-Ziv complexity and C0 complexity values were significantly lower. EEG changes at different sleep stages also showed the same regulation as the whole sleep process. For spatio dynamics: after treatment, the EEG response of the left and right hemisphere showed asymmetry. Further analysis of brain region-specific targets found that the frontal cortex showed a more intense EEG response with escitalopram treatment than central and occipital cortices.Conclusions: These findings may contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the pharmacological mechanism of escitalopram in the treatment of depression.

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Effects of slow-wave activity on mood disturbance in major depressive disorder

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291718001332 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 639-645 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jennifer R. Goldschmied ◽

Philip Cheng ◽

Robert Hoffmann ◽

Elaine M. Boland ◽

Patricia J. Deldin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Slow Wave ◽

Wave Activity ◽

Slow Wave Activity ◽

Mood Disturbance ◽

Profile Of Mood States ◽

Major Depressive ◽

The Third ◽

Delta Sleep

AbstractBackgroundStudies have demonstrated that decreases in slow-wave activity (SWA) predict decreases in depressive symptoms in those with major depressive disorder (MDD), suggesting that there may be a link between SWA and mood. The aim of the present study was to determine if the consequent change in SWA regulation following a mild homeostatic sleep challenge would predict mood disturbance.MethodsThirty-seven depressed and fifty-nine healthy adults spent three consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory. On the third night, bedtime was delayed by 3 h, as this procedure has been shown to provoke SWA. The Profile of Mood States questionnaire was administered on the morning following the baseline and sleep delay nights to measure mood disturbance.ResultsResults revealed that following sleep delay, a lower delta sleep ratio, indicative of inadequate dissipation of SWA from the first to the second non-rapid eye movement period, predicted increased mood disturbance in only those with MDD.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate that in the first half of the night, individuals with MDD who have less SWA dissipation as a consequence of impaired SWA regulation have greater mood disturbance, and may suggest that appropriate homeostatic regulation of sleep is an important factor in the disorder.

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