There is a broad differential diagnosis for bilateral optic neuropathies, including inflammatory, ischemic, compressive, traumatic, nutritional, toxic, and inherited causes. In this chapter, we begin by discussing the approach to the patient who has bilateral symmetric optic neuropathies. We next review the genetic basis, clinical features, and natural history of autosomal dominant optic atrophy. We list other deficits that can occur in up to 20% of patients with this condition, which can include sensorineural hearing loss, ataxia, myopathy, peripheral neuropathy, spastic paraparesis, and chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Lastly, we discuss the evaluation and management approach for autosomal dominant optic atrophy.
Measurement of electroretinogram responses in OPA1‐associated autosomal dominant optic atrophy using a handheld device
