Resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock: recovery of oxygen carrying capacity or perfusion? Efficacy of new plasma expanders

The preparation of large quantities of a stable, stroma-free hemoglobin solution without coagulant activity is described. Following infusion of this solution into phlebotomized dogs, there is no methemoglobin formation, no adverse effects on vital signs, and no demonstrable activation of blood coagulation. The hemoglobin maintains its oxygen-carrying capacity and liberates oxygen into tissues. Acute and chronic effects on renal function following infusion of this preparation were also studied and no effect on clearance of urea, creatinine, or P.A.H. could be demonstrated. There was no change in urinary output and histological sections revealed no lesions attributable to hemoglobin toxicity. It is concluded that a stroma-free hemoglobin solution may have use as a plasma expander.

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Oxygen carrying capacity of completely artificial red blood cell substitute : Liposome-embedded-heme

The Journal of the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery ◽

10.2995/jacsurg1987.4.6_676 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 676-680

Author(s):

Koichi Kobayashi ◽

Masazumi Watanabe ◽

Toshinori Hashizume ◽

Masabumi Kawamura ◽

Ryoichi Kato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Red Blood Cell ◽

Carrying Capacity ◽

Oxygen Carrying Capacity

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Variation during breeding in parameters that influence blood oxygen carrying capacity in shearwaters

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo00047 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 347 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Cristina Davey ◽

Alan Lill ◽

John Baldwin

Keyword(s):

Carrying Capacity ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Aerobic Metabolism ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Main Trend ◽

Breeding Cycle ◽

Blood Oxygen ◽

Pattern Of Variation ◽

Oxygen Carrying Capacity

Parameters that influence blood oxygen carrying capacity (whole-blood haemoglobin content, haematocrit and red blood cell count) were measured in samples of 30 breeding, adult short-tailed shearwaters (Puffinus tenuirostris) on Phillip Island, Victoria at seven key stages of their reproductive cycle. The aim of the investigation was to determine whether variation in blood oxygen carrying capacity during the birds’ 7-month breeding cycle was correlated with variation in the energy demands they experienced or was an incidental by-product of other physiological changes. All the blood parameters varied significantly during breeding, but the pattern of variation was only partly correlated with the likely pattern of changing energy demand imposed on parents by their schedule of breeding activities. The main trend conceivably related to energy demand was that significantly higher values were recorded for these blood parameters during the nestling stage than earlier in the breeding cycle. This could have reflected the high costs of the very long foraging trips undertaken by parents feeding nestlings, but it could also have occurred in preparation for the long migration undertaken soon after breeding finished. It involved an ~10% increase in blood oxygen carrying capacity above the lowest mean value recorded during the breeding cycle and so other mechanisms must also be employed to achieve the increase in aerobic metabolism likely to be required at this stage. The lack of adjustment of blood oxygen carrying capacity to energy demand early in the breeding cycle suggests that either oxygen delivery was not a rate-limiting process for aerobic metabolism at that time or that delivery was enhanced through other mechanisms. At egg laying, females had a lower haematocrit and erythrocyte count than males, which could be attributable to either estrogenic suppression of erythropoiesis or an increase in osmotic pressure of the blood associated with yolk synthesis. Immature, non-breeding birds attending the colony were of similar mass to adults, but did not show the increase in the parameters determining blood oxygen carrying capacity that occurred in adults later in the breeding cycle. Factors other than changing energy requirements (dehydration, burrow hypoxia and differential responsiveness to capture stress) that might have influenced the pattern of variation in blood oxygen carrying capacity of adults during breeding are discussed.

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Activity-related variation in blood parameters associated with oxygen transport and chronic stress in little penguins

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo07030 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 249 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Louise Mortimer ◽

Alan Lill

Keyword(s):

Chronic Stress ◽

Body Condition ◽

Carrying Capacity ◽

Condition Index ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Body Condition Index ◽

Stress Indicators ◽

Nutrient Demand ◽

Blood Haemoglobin ◽

Oxygen Carrying Capacity

Some birds facing energy ‘bottlenecks’ display elevated oxidative metabolism and oxygen delivery to tissues and could be particularly susceptible to chronic stress. We examined whether there was evidence for such trends in little penguins (Eudyptula minor) over the period from breeding to the post-moulting stage and particularly during the onshore moult-fast. Penguin parents contribute equally to incubation, brooding and brood provisioning. A few weeks post-breeding, adults undergo a protracted, terrestrial moult-fast and then make brief visits to the colony during the post-moulting stage. Provisioning nestling(s) and moulting could theoretically be particularly energetically and nutritionally demanding. We determined for adults whether mass, a body condition index and blood parameters influencing vascular oxygen carrying capacity (hematocrit, Hct; whole blood haemoglobin, Hb) and indicating chronic stress (leukocyte count, WBC; heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, H/L) varied from August to May in a manner reflecting likely variation in energy and nutrient demand. Female mass and body condition index decreased significantly between the incubation and guard stages, before returning to incubation levels between the guard and post-guard nestling stages. Both parameters declined to their lowest levels between the post-guard and moult stages, before increasing to levels comparable with those during nestling care between the moult and post-moult stages. Blood parameters in both sexes exhibited temporal variation similar to that in female mass and body condition index, declining to their lowest levels during moult and increasing after the moult to levels comparable with those during breeding. Results indicated that the period of most intense provisioning of nestlings was associated with a decrease in blood oxygen carrying capacity, but no pronounced change in chronic stress indicators. However, the penguin’s moult-fast involved a loss of female body condition and, in both sexes, a reduction in body mass, vascular oxygen carrying capacity and possibly specific immune competence. Thus, regulation of human disturbance in accessible little penguin colonies may be particularly important during moult.

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