Effect of maternal multiple micronutrient supplements on cord blood hormones

Abstract Context Vitamin D may be important for prenatal programming of insulin and glucose regulation, but maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is common. Objective We examined associations of early vitamin D status with markers of fetal insulin secretion: cord blood insulin and c-peptide. We hypothesized that maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) during pregnancy and cord blood 25(OH)D would both be positively associated with cord blood insulin and c-peptide. Methods We studied mother-newborn pairs from two cohorts: Project Viva (n = 862 pairs included) and Genetics of Glucose Regulation in Gestation and Growth (Gen3G; n = 660 pairs included). We analyzed associations of the cord blood hormones with maternal 25(OH)D using generalized additive models with nonlinear spline terms, and with cord blood 25(OH)D using multivariable linear regression models. Results The 25(OH)D levels were <75 nmol/L in >70% of mothers and 85% of newborns. Maternal and cord blood 25(OH)D levels were correlated (Project Viva, r = 0.58; Gen3G, r = 0.37). Maternal 25(OH)D had an inverted-U–shaped relationship with cord blood insulin and c-peptide in both cohorts. Cord blood 25(OH)D had a linear relationship with the cord blood hormones. In fully adjusted models, each 10-nmol/L increase in cord blood 25(OH)D was associated with higher cord blood insulin and c-peptide concentrations: 3.7% (95% CI, 0.09 to 7.5) and 3.2% (95% CI, 0.8 to 5.6), respectively, in Project Viva; 2.2% (95% CI, −0.1 to 4.6) and 3.6% (95% CI, 1.0 to 6.3), respectively, in Gen3G. Conclusion Vitamin D may play a role in regulating fetal insulin secretion, potentially affecting glucose regulation and growth.

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Associations of cord blood metabolites with perinatal characteristics, newborn anthropometry, and cord blood hormones in project viva

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.metabol.2017.07.001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 76 ◽

pp. 11-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Wei Perng ◽

Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman ◽

Scott McCulloch ◽

Leda Chatzi ◽

Christos Mantzoros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Blood Metabolites ◽

Blood Hormones ◽

Newborn Anthropometry

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Maternal and cord blood hormones in relation to birth size

European Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1007/s10654-014-9914-3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 343-351 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Pagona Lagiou ◽

Evangelia Samoli ◽

Chung-Cheng Hsieh ◽

Areti Lagiou ◽

Bio Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Birth Size ◽

Blood Hormones

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Newborn micronutrient status biomarkers in a cluster-randomized trial of antenatal multiple micronutrient compared with iron folic acid supplementation in rural Bangladesh

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqaa223 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 112 (5) ◽

pp. 1328-1337

Author(s):

Kerry J Schulze ◽

Alison D Gernand ◽

Afreen Zaman Khan ◽

Lee S-F Wu ◽

Sucheta Mehra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Cluster Randomized Trial ◽

Maternal Plasma ◽

Rural Bangladesh ◽

Micronutrient Status ◽

Multiple Micronutrient ◽

Iron Folic Acid ◽

Cluster Randomized ◽

Maternal Status

ABSTRACT Background Daily antenatal multiple micronutrient (MM) compared with iron folic acid (IFA) supplementation from early pregnancy improved birth outcomes and maternal micronutrient status in rural Bangladesh, but effects on newborn status are unknown. Objective We examined cord blood micronutrient biomarkers in relation to antenatal MM and IFA supplementation and maternal gestational micronutrient status in rural Bangladeshi newborns. Design In a double-blinded, cluster-randomized trial of antenatal IFA or MM (with the same IFA content), we analyzed cord blood plasma from 333 singleton births, and corresponding maternal plasma at 32.5 ± 2.6 wk of gestation, for ferritin (iron stores), folate, cobalamin (vitamin B-12), retinol (vitamin A), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D, vitamin D status], α-tocopherol (vitamin E), zinc, thyroglobulin, and free thyroxine (iodine status). Intervention effects and associations were determined using linear regression, exploring maternal status as a mediator of intervention effects on cord biomarkers. Results The MM intervention increased cord ferritin (mean: +12.4%; 95% CI: 1.3, 24.6%), 25(OH)D (mean: +14.7%; 95% CI: 4.8, 25.6%), and zinc (mean: +5.8%; 95% CI: 1.0, 10.8%). Cord folate (mean: +26.8%; 95% CI: 19.6, 34.5%), cobalamin (mean: +31.3%; 95% CI: 24.6, 38.3%), 25(OH)D (mean: +26.7%; 95% CI: 23.2, 30.3%), α-tocopherol (mean: +8.7%; 95% CI: 3.6, 13.7%), zinc (mean: +2.3%; 95% CI: 0.5, 4.2%), thyroglobulin (mean: +20.1%; 95% CI: 9.0, 32.2%) and thyroxine (mean: +1.5%; 95% CI: 0.0, 3.0%) increased per 1-SD increment in maternal status (all P < 0.05); ferritin and retinol changed by +2.0%; 95% CI: −8.9, 14.3%; P = 0.72; and +3.5%; 95% CI: −0.4, 7.3%; P = 0.07, respectively. Ferritin, folate, cobalamin, zinc, and thyroglobulin averaged 1.57–6.75 times higher and retinol, α-tocopherol, and 25(OH)D 0.30–0.84 times lower in cord than maternal plasma, suggesting preferential maternal–fetal transfer of iron, folate, cobalamin, and zinc; limited transfer of fat-soluble vitamins; and high fetal iodine demand. Conclusions Antenatal MM supplementation increased newborn ferritin, 25(OH)D, and zinc, while maternal and newborn folate, vitamins B-12, D, and E, zinc, and iodine biomarkers were positively related. Despite limited effects of MM, better maternal micronutrient status was associated with improved micronutrient status of Bangladeshi newborns. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00860470.

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