Associations of maternal plasma and infant umbilical cord blood plasma metabolomics profiles with anthropometric measures at birth: a prospective cohort study.

BackgroundThe metabolomics profiles of maternal plasma during pregnancy and cord plasma at birth might influence fetal growth and birth anthropometry. The objectives of this study are to examine how metabolites measured in maternal plasma samples collected during pregnancy and umbilical cord plasma samples collected at birth are associated with newborn anthropometric measures, a known predictor of future health outcomes.MethodsPregnant women between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation were recruited from prenatal clinics in New Hampshire as part of a prospective cohort study. Blood samples from 413 women at enrollment and 787 infant cord blood samples were analyzed using the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ® p180 kit . Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine association of cord and maternal metabolites with infant anthropometry at birth.ResultsIn cord blood samples, several acylcarnitines, a phosphatidylcholine, and a custom metabolite indicator were negatively associated with birth weight Z-score, and lysophosphatidylcholines as well as three custom metabolite indicators were positively associated with birth weight Z-score. Acylcarnitine C5 was negatively associated with birth length Z-score, and several lysophosphatidylcholines and a custom metabolite indicator were positively associated with birth length Z-score. Maternal blood metabolites did not show significant associations with birth weight and length Z scores, however, a custom metabolite indicator, the ratio of kynurenine over tryptophan, was negatively associated with weight-for-length Z-score.ConclusionsSeveral cord blood metabolites associated with newborn weight and length Z-scores; in particular, consistent findings were observed for several acylcarnitines that play a role in utilization of energy sources, and a lysophosphatidylcholine that is part of oxidative stress and inflammatory response pathways. Fewer associations were observed with maternal metabolomic profiles.

Effect of dietary inclusion of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) on broiler performance: A meta-analysis

Black Soldier Fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) is an insect species that potentially can be used as a protein source for broiler nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate different inclusion level of BSF on broiler performance and blood metabolites by integrating various data from related studies using meta-analysis. Total of 12 studies that comprised of 31 data points were integrated in the database. Parameters observed included Live Weight (LW), Average Daily Gain (ADG), Daily Feed Intake (DFI), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), blood metabolites, and carcass proportion. The database was statistically analyzed by using mixed model method. Different studies were considered as random effects, and the level of BSF was treated as fixed effects. The model statistics used were the p-values and the Akaike information criterion. The significance of an effect was stated when its p-value was < 0.05. The results revealed that BSF feeding had significant linearly reduction effect on LW, ADG, and FCR of broiler (P < 0.05) and significant linearly increase effect on DFI and carcass proportion. However, BSF did not significantly affect on blood metabolites of broilers. It can be concluded that BSF negatively affect the performance of broiler.

Performa Dan Metabolit Darah Induk Kambing Bunting Yang Diberi Pakan Suplemen Selama Kebuntingan

Ketersediaan nutrisi pada induk baik melalui suplai dari makanan maupun hasil metabolisme induk mempunyai pengaruh sangat luas pada pertumbuhan fetus selama kebuntingan. Sangat diperlukan upaya perbaikan ketersediaan nutrisi melalui peningkatan sekresi endogen hormon metabolisme dan metabolit penting dan faktor-faktor pertumbuhan lainnya. Pengetahuan profil metabolik dapat berguna dalam memprediksi masalah metabolik. Penelitian ini dirancang mengikuti pola factorial 2 x 4 dengan 9 ulangan, sehingga jumlah kambing yang digunakan sebanyak 72 ekor induk kambing, yang terdiri dari kelompok kambing Peranakan Etawa dan kambing Kacang Pemberian pakan selama kebuntingan dibagi dalam 3 perlakuan induk bunting awal (umur kebuntingan 1 sampai 3 bulan), induk bunting akhir (umur kebuntingan 3 sampai 5 bulan), induk bunting tampa pemberian pakan suplemen dan Induk bunting dengan suplementasi selama kebuntingan. Pemberian pakan suplemen dapat meningkatkan pertambahan berat badan induk bunting. Waktu yang optimum pemberian pakan suplemen pada induk bunting memberikan pertambahan berat badan yang tinggi pada umur kebuntingan 1 sampai 3 bulan (awal). Kandungan glukosa darah dipengaruhi oleh jenis kambing dan umur kebuntingan. Kandungan glukosa darah tertinggi pada induk yang diberi pakan suplemen selama kebuntingan tetapi tidak berbeda pada kebuntingan awal dan akhir. Kandungan metabolit darah (urea dan kreatinine) tidak dipengaruhi oleh umur kebuntingan, dan kandungan metabolit darah relatif lebih tinggi pada ternak yang diberi pakan suplemen The availability of nutrients in the mother either through the supply of food or the results of the metabolism of the mother has a very broad influence on the growth of the fetus during pregnancy. It is necessary to improve the availability of nutrients by increasing the endogenous secretion of metabolic hormones and important metabolites and other growth factors. Knowledge of the metabolic profile can be useful in predicting metabolic problems. This study was designed to follow a 2 x 4 factorial pattern with 9 replications, so that the number of goats used were 72 mother goats, consisting of Etawa Peranakan goats and Kacang goats. 3 months), late pregnant women (gestational age 3 to 5 months), pregnant women without supplementation of feed and pregnant women with supplementation during pregnancy. Supplementary feeding can increase the weight gain of pregnant mothers. The optimum time of giving supplementary feed to pregnant mothers gives high weight gain at 1 to 3 months of gestation (early). Blood glucose content is influenced by the type of goat and gestational age. The blood glucose content was highest in broodstock fed supplements during pregnancy but did not differ in early and late pregnancy. The content of blood metabolites (urea and creatinine) was not affected by gestational age, and the content of blood metabolites was relatively higher in livestock fed supplementary diets.

Factors associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease case fatality in feedlot cattle

Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in cattle feedlots. There is a need to understand what animal health and production factors are associated with increased mortality risk due to BRD. The aim of the present study was to explore factors associated with BRD case fatality in feedlot cattle. Four pens totalling 898 steers were monitored daily for visual signs of BRD such as difficult breathing and coughing, and animals exhibiting signs of BRD were taken to the hospital shed for further examination and clinical measures. Blood samples were obtained at feedlot entry and at time of first BRD pull from animals diagnosed with BRD (n=121) and those that died due to BRD confirmed by post-mortem examination (n=16; 13.2% case fatality rate). Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to estimate differences in animal health and production factors and the relative concentrations of 34 identified blood metabolites between animals that survived versus those that died. Generalised linear mixed-effects models were used to obtain the odds of being seronegative (at both feedlot entry and first BRD pull) to five BRD viruses and having a positive nasal swab result at the time of first pull in died and survived animals. Animals that died from BRD had lower average daily gain (ADG), reduced weight at first BRD pull, higher visual BRD scores and received more treatments for BRD compared to animals that survived BRD (P &lt; 0.05). The odds of being seronegative for bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1) was 5.66 times higher for animals that died compared to those that survived (P = 0.013). The odds of having a positive bovine coronavirus nasal swab result were 13.73 times higher in animals that died versus those that survived (P = 0.007). Animals that died from BRD had higher blood concentrations of α glucose chain, β-hydroxybutyrate, leucine, phenylalanine and pyruvate compared to those that survived (P &lt; 0.05). Animals that died from BRD had lower concentrations of acetate, citrate and glycine compared to animals that survived (P &lt; 0.05). The results of the current study suggest that ADG to first BRD pull, weight at first BRD pull, visual BRD score, the number of BRD treatments, seronegativity to BVDV-1, virus positive to BCoV nasal swab, and that certain blood metabolites are associated with BRD case fatality risk. The ability of these measures to predict the risk of death due to BRD needs further research.

Effects of Protein and Roughage Sources in Total Mixed Ration on Voluntary Feed Intake, Nutrient Intake and Blood Metabolites in Black Bengal Goats

Background: Agricultural productivity in Southeast Asian countries are important to produce food for human, thus the first priority to improve agricultural productivity is feed and feeding in livestock, especially in ruminants when rice straw and Napier grass are used as the roughage sources; in addition, cassava leaves and Leucaena leaves can be used as the protein sources. Interestingly, the strategy to improve feed in ruminant is through the use of total mixed rations (TMR) which are produced by combination of roughages, concentrates, minerals, vitamins and additives. Methods: During the period 2020-2021 a study with 2 × 2 factorial, in 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21 days per period tested the following TMR’s T1- 5% urea treated rice straw with dried Leucaena leaves, T2- 5% urea treated rice with dried cassava leaves, T3- fermented napier grass with dried Leucaena leaves and the T4- fermented napier grass with dried cassava leaves on voluntary feed intake, nutrient intake and blood metabolites in Black Bengal goats. Result: All treatments did not affect voluntary feed intake (kgDM/head/day and % BW) (P greater than 0.05), but feeding with 5% urea treated rice with dried cassava leaves, it was non significantly higher (0.71 kgDM/day). Furthermore, nutrient intake of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and rumination were not affected among all the four treatments (P greater than 0.05). Additionally, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen and triglyceride concentrations in plasma were not influenced due to treatments (P greater than 0.05). Nevertheless, Feed cost (USD/kg) was reduced T3 and T4. In conclusion, feeding Black Bengal goat with fermented napier grass with dried Leucaena leaves and fermented napier grass with dried cassava leaves in the TMR were suitable because of the lowest price (0.13 USD/kg) when compared to the other treatments.