Sexual dimorphism in the first rib of Homo sapiens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikel Arlegi ◽  
Andrea García‐Sagastibelza ◽  
Christine Veschambre‐Couture ◽  
Asier Gómez‐Olivencia
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
First Rib

Armed forces: Intrasexual selection for upper limb length in Homo sapiens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Robert Caton ◽  
David M. G. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Real World ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Resource Provisioning ◽  
Limb Length ◽  
Intrasexual Selection

Numerous taxa have evolved physiological appendage-based weaponry to increase damage output in violent fights, but no research has empirically shown that Homo sapiens upper appendages have uniquely evolved to increase resource-provisioning potential in real-world combat. In Study 1, we used actual fight outcome data (N = 715 fighters) to examine multiple competing hypotheses—the striker, defender, grappler, and knockout hypotheses—for the evolution of Homo sapiens upper limb length, controlling for approximately a dozen confounding variables (e.g., biacromial width, lower limb length, age, weight, height). There was exclusive support for the knockout hypothesis: upper limb length increases fighting success through knockout power. There was also evidence for a real-world association between biacromial width and knockout power. Because sexual dimorphism often emerges from selection on morphological structures that improve male’s fighting success, we consequently expected sexual dimorphism in upper limb length. Studies 2a-2d provided powerful evidence for this new universal sexual dimorphism in upper limb length. Even after controlling for weight, height, and lower limb length, males exhibited longer upper limbs than females across the globe: from mixed-martial-artists (Study 2a) and Croatian adolescents (but not pre-pubertal children; Study 2b) to older Singaporean adults (Study 2c) and over 6,000 United States Army personnel (Study 2d) born across seven major world regions (Africa, Europe, Asia, Oceania, and North, Central, and South America). Combined, our results provide comprehensive support for the argument that intrasexual selection has uniquely shaped Homo sapiens upper limb length to enhance fighting performance in real-world combat.

Sexual Dimorphism in the Mandible of Homo Neanderthalensis and Homo Sapiens:

2017 ◽  
pp. 420-425
Author(s):  
Patrick S. Quinney ◽  
Mark Collard
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Homo Neanderthalensis

scholarly journals Specyfika rozwoju osobniczego Homo sapiens na tle ssaków łożyskowych i Naczelnych

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-106
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kozieł ◽  
Anna Siniarska
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Allometric Relations ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Human Ontogeny

During ontogeny, there are many phenomena which significantly differentiate humans from other mammals, including Primates. The present considerations and analysis of regression applied for many species to illustrate allometric relations of developmental spurts of height and weight to final values of these parameters in adults, allow to compare processes of growth of Homo sapiens with other Primates and to submit the following results: In Homo sapiens, the maximal rate of growth in length and body mass exists at the prenatal period (during gestation), and after birth, it decelerates. In the evolution of human ontogeny, two new stages occurred: The first one is „childhood" which is manifested by slow body growth and intense brain development. The second one is named „adolescence" and includes pubertal spurt of many body variables. In Humans, as compare with other Primates, the infancy and juvenile stages had been shortened. Human puberty begins when the postnatal rate of growth in height and weight is the lowest since birth and there is a considerable delay in puberty and sexual maturation than in other Primates. The adolescent growth spurt shortens the time needed to reach sexual maturity, which could have been much longer as the result of a slow growth that childhood. Sexual dimorphism in the intensity of pubertal spurt of body mass is smaller in Humans than in other Primates. On the contrary,  sexual dimorphism in onset of puberty and growth rate in height at this stage is rather well manifested. The adolescent stage is divided into two parts because there is a delay of years between puberty and the onset of the adult reproductive stage of life.

scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphism of the First Rib: A Comparative Approach Using Metric and Geometric Morphometric Analyses

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1251-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey James Lynch ◽  
Peter Cross ◽  
Vivienne Heaton
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
First Rib ◽  
Morphometric Analyses

Female condition influences preferences for sexual dimorphism in faces of male humans (Homo sapiens).

2003 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Penton-Voak ◽  
A. C. Little ◽  
B. C. Jones ◽  
D. M. Burt ◽  
B. P. Tiddeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Female Condition

Variability in first Homo: Analysis of the ratio between the skulls KNM-ER 1470 and KNM-ER 1813 based on sexual dimorphism of Homo sapiens

HOMO ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 387-398
Author(s):  
S.W. Ferreira Guimarães ◽  
C. Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Homo Sapiens

scholarly journals : Sexual Dimorphism in Homo Sapiens: A Question of Size . Roberta L. Hall.

1983 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Homo Sapiens
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