An optimized method for Nasonia germ-free rearing

A germ-free rearing system is a crucial method for host–microbiota interactions using Nasonia as a model system. The previous rearing media in 2012 introduced toxic factors like bleach and antibiotics, required significant effort and volume of media preparation, and the rearing protocols in 2012 and 2016 often resulted in embryos, larvae, and enclosing pupae drowning, underfed, or desiccating. In this work, we optimize the germ-free rearing media that excludes the toxic factors and provide a substrate for the developing animals to have constant access to media without the risk of drowning or desiccation. The new process resulted in an increase in full maturation of larvae to adults from 33 to 65%, with no effect on the rate of growth or final adult size. This significantly improves the applicability of germ-free rearing of Nasonia and potentially other parasitoids.

Forecasting the Growth of Complexity and Change

In the spirit of punctuated equilibrium, complexity is quantified relatively in terms of the spacing between equally important evolutionary turning points (milestones). Thirteen data sets of such milestones, obtained from a variety of scientific sources, provide data on the most important complexity jumps between the big bang and today. Forecasts for future complexity jumps are obtained via exponential and logistic fits on the data. The quality of the fits and common sense dictate that the forecast by the logistic function should be retained. This forecast stipulates that we have already reached the maximum rate of growth for complexity, and that in the future, complexity's rate of change (and the rate of change in our lives) will be declining. One corollary is that we are roughly halfway through the lifetime of the universe. Another result is that complexity's rate of growth has built up to its present high level via seven evolutionary subprocesses, themselves amenable to logistic description.

Multivalent Functions Related with an Integral Operator

In this present paper, we introduce and explore certain new classes of uniformly convex and starlike functions related to the Liu–Owa integral operator. We explore various properties and characteristics, such as coefficient estimates, rate of growth, distortion result, radii of close-to-convexity, starlikeness, convexity, and Hadamard product. It is important to mention that our results are a generalization of the number of existing results in the literature.

Linear growth and yield of bivalve mollusks Mya Arenaria linnaeus, 1758 in the conditions of the littoral of the barents and white seas

Mya arenaria are large bivalve mollusks burrowing into the ground. Mollusks are widespread in the northern hemisphere. The growth patterns of M. arenaria were studied in the arctic part of the species’ geographic range. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the mollusks from the Severnaya Inlet of the Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea have the highest growth rate. The limiting shell length is L∞=174.7 mm, and the rate of growth retardation is k=0.0518 year–1. The mollusks from the Yarnishnaya Inlet of the Barents Sea have the lowest growth rates L∞=84.27 mm, and the rate of growth retardation is k=0.0721 year-1. A positive correlation was found between the nature of the soil and the limiting shell length of mollusks (r = 0.94).

Vertical development of precipitation echoes from cumulus clouds near Calcutta during the post-monsoon season

Vertical development of precipitation echoes from cumulus clouds near Calcutta during the post-monsoon season of 1956 was studied by using a Decca Type.41 3-cm radar installed at the Meteorological Office at Dum Dum airport. It has been shown that the origin of the first precipitation echoes were below the freezing level in most cases. The rate of growth of the precipitation echoes was found to be comparable with that found in USA.A condensation coalescence mechanism has been suggested for the formation of rain from these clouds.

Puberty and Its Signs According to A Contemporary Islamic Jurisprudential-Legal View

Puberty is the subject of assignment, it is known either by the age of a young man or woman, or by signs, some of which were mentioned by jurists through experiences, environment, and so on. Then, in the present era, many issues have arisen that young men and women are going through, which may be a reason for accelerating puberty with a new signs or rate of growth, were unknown by ancient jurists due to the change in the environment, nutrition and moderation of the atmosphere, which causes activation of hormones that accelerate the puberty of the young man or woman. Hence, writing in determining puberty as an age or a sign according to the developments of the age is a matter required by modern studies so that the contemporary fatwa is based on the changes and developments of the age. Consequently, the idea of this research was raised. The research cossets an introduction revealing the importance of determining the age of puberty and how it considered the basis of the assignment where the reference to assignment (understanding the discourse). Whoever reaches the puberty was before that either without understanding during early childhood, or deficient in understanding when he later becomes a child of comprehension. Then I talked about puberty, in terms of jurisprudence, law, and medicine. The research ended up with the conclusion of the most important results of the study. The research was titled (the age of puberty and its signs according to a contemporary jurisprudential-legal view), in which it relied on the most important Islamic Fiqh, legal and medical references.

Relative convergence speed of Lüroth expansions and Hausdorff dimension

For any [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] be the Lüroth expansion of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we study the relative convergence speed of its convergents [Formula: see text] to the rate of growth of digits in the Lüroth expansion of an irrational number. For any [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], the sets [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are proved to be of same Hausdorff dimension [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, for any [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], the Hausdorff dimension of the set [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] is proved to be either [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] according as [Formula: see text] or not.

Some aspects of the use of oral contraceptives as growth-promoting agents in poultry

There are now several hormone and hormone-like agents that can improve the rate of growth and efficiency of feed use of farm animals. Feeding chickens with oral contraceptive steroids at the dose used by some poultry growers in Egypt has led to the formation of high estrogen residues in the muscles and the liver compared with controls. Electron microscopy of the livers of treated chickens revealed changes at the ultrastructural level. These alterations involve both the nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles, and are similar to those induced by 7, 12 dimethylbenz [a] anthracene in chickens. It is concluded that the use of oral contraceptive steroids in chickens as anabolic agent is a specific risk to chickens and probably to the consumer