Family Structure and Inequalities in Parents' Financial Investments in Children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orestes P. Hastings ◽  
Daniel Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Financial Investments ◽  
Investments In Children

scholarly journals Income Inequality and Class Divides in Parental Investments

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Schneider ◽  
Orestes P. Hastings ◽  
Joe LaBriola
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Parental Investment ◽  
State Level ◽  
Consumer Expenditure ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Parental Investments ◽  
Parental Time ◽  
Financial Investments ◽  
Investments In Children ◽  
The Relationship

Historic increases in income inequality have coincided with widening class divides in parental investments of money and time in children. These widening class gaps are significant because parental investment is one pathway by which advantage is transmitted across generations. Using over three decades of micro-data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey and the American Heritage Time Use Survey linked to state-year measures of income inequality, we test the relationship between income inequality and class gaps in parental investment. We find robust evidence of wider class gaps in parental financial investments in children—but not parental time investments in children—when state-level income inequality is higher. We explore mechanisms that may drive the relationship between rising income inequality and widening class gaps in parental financial investments in children. This relationship is partially explained by the increasing concentration of income at the top of the income distribution in state-years with higher inequality, which gives higher-earning households more money to spend on financial investments in children. In addition, we find evidence for contextual effects of higher income inequality that reshape parental preferences toward financial investment in children differentially by class.

scholarly journals Income Inequality and Class Divides in Parental Investments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Schneider ◽  
Orestes P Hastings ◽  
Joe LaBriola
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Parental Investment ◽  
State Level ◽  
Consumer Expenditure ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Parental Investments ◽  
Parental Time ◽  
Financial Investments ◽  
Investments In Children ◽  
The Relationship

Historic increases in income inequality have coincided with widening class divides in parental investments of money and time in children. These widening class gaps are significant because parental investment is one pathway by which advantage is transmitted across generations. Using over three decades of micro-data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey and the American Heritage Time Use Survey linked to state-year measures of income inequality, we test the relationship between income inequality and class gaps in parental investment. We find robust evidence of wider class gaps in parental financial investments in children—but not parental time investments in children—when state-level income inequality is higher. We explore mechanisms that may drive the relationship between rising income inequality and widening class gaps in parental financial investments in children. This relationship is partially explained by the increasing concentration of income at the top of the income distribution in state-years with higher inequality, which gives higher-earning households more money to spend on financial investments in children. In addition, we find evidence for contextual effects of higher income inequality that reshape parental preferences toward financial investment in children differentially by class.

Niepełna rodzina jako zaburzenie prawidłowego funkcjonowania struktur rodzinnych

2018 ◽  
pp. 126-142
Author(s):  
Michał Kuzdak
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
The Family ◽  
Modern Family

The author discusses the topic of families, especially incomplete. The work is about the disorganization of the family structure, showing its causes and history. The article describes the dangers of modern family and relations on the parentchild line. The author refers to economic emigration as one of the reasons for the loosening of family ties and the cause of incomplete families.

CONVERTING THE VEHICLE BY REPLACING THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Gryshchuk ◽  
Volodymyr Hladchenko ◽  
Uriy Overchenko
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Sales Forecasts ◽  
Financial Investments ◽  
Near Future

This article looks at some comparative statistics on the development and use of electric vehicles (hereinafter referred to as EM) as an example of sales and future sales forecasts for EM in countries that focus on environmental conservation. Examples of financial investments already underway and to be made in the near future by the largest automakers in the development and distribution of EM in the world are given. Steps are taken to improve the environmental situation in countries (for example, the prohibition of entry into the city center), the scientific and applied problem of improving the energy efficiency and environmental safety of the operation of wheeled vehicles (hereinafter referred to as the CTE). The basic and more widespread schemes of conversion of the internal combustion engine car (hereinafter -ICE) to the electric motor car (by replacing the gasoline or diesel electric motor), as well as the main requirements that must be observed for the safe use and operation of the electric vehicle. The problem is solved by justifying the feasibility of re-equipment of the KTZ by replacing the internal combustion engine with an electric motor. On the basis of the statistics collected by the State Automobile Transit Research Institute on the number of issued conclusions of scientific and technical expertise regarding the approval of the possibility of conversion of a car with an internal combustion engine (gasoline or diesel) to a car with an electric motor (electric vehicle), the conclusions on the feasibility of such conclusion were made. Keywords: electricvehicles, ecological safety, electricmotor, statistics provided, car, vehicle by replacing.

The Relationship Between the Testamentary Disposition and the Belief in the Afterlife in Ancient Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Van Blerk
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
The Relationship

This study discusses the importance of the belief in the afterlife, sustenance after death, family structure and literature from ancient Egypt and submits that the first signs of the testamentary disposition can be deduced. The belief in the afterlife necessitated sustenance of the deceased by the immediate family complemented by provisions made by the deceased prior to death, effectively laying the foundation of the testamentary disposition in ancient Egypt. One must, however, be careful about conclusions of definite testate and intestate succession law from our sources as these are later terminology. It does, however, appear that the first signs of succession law, in particular the testamentary disposition, is present very early in ancient Egypt.

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