Abstract
Background
This study explores the pathways of nurses in LTCHs and its underlying conditions in Korea. Nursing shortage in long-term care setting has been a worldwide concern. Although the factors of staying or leaving of nurses in long term care hospitals (LTCHs) have been reported, few studies have examined the trajectory and conditions of nurses staying in and leaving LTCHs.
Methods
A qualitative study design with a grounded theory approach was conducted. Data were collected in one to one interviews. Purposive and theoretical sampling led to the inclusion of 17 registered nurses with diverse characteristics from 14 LTCHs in a metropolitan city in South Korea. Individual, in-depth interviews were conducted. Data collection and analysis coincided. Data were analyzed using open and focused coding, constant comparison, theoretical sampling and memoing, and this enabled the construction of a substantive theory.
Results
Seeking work-life balance was the core category of nurses’ pathway. Consequences of nurses’ pathway were categorized into three groups: thriving, surviving, and leaving. Thriving nurses in LTCHs found meaning in their work, fostered good relationships, and saw opportunities for growth. Surviving nurses in LTCHs were enduring their jobs in LTCHs, having a work-life balance, and supportive nursing leader. Leaving group nurses wished to leave LTCHs due to lack of professional growth, unappealing work, continuing conflict, and social stigma. However, compensation, work system, and interpersonal relationships were the common moving conditions for all three groups.
Conclusions
This study provided the trajectory and conditions of nurses to enter, stay, move, or leave at LTCHs. Understanding the pathways for staying or leaving can be used as a strategy for successful retention of registered nurses in LTCHs.