Trophic interactions and metal transfer in marine ecosystems driven by the Peruvian scallop Argopecten purpuratus aquaculture

A review of ecological impacts of global climate change on persistent organic pollutant and mercury pathways and exposures in arctic marine ecosystems

Current Zoology ◽

10.1093/czoolo/61.4.617 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 617-628 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Melissa A. Mckinney ◽

Sara Pedro ◽

Rune Dietz ◽

Christian Sonne ◽

Aaron T. Fisk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Sea Ice ◽

Trophic Interactions ◽

Global Climate Change ◽

Global Climate ◽

Marine Ecosystems ◽

Arctic Sea Ice ◽

Ecological Impacts ◽

Health Concern ◽

Ecological Changes

Abstract Bioaccumulative and biomagnifying contaminants, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and mercury (Hg), have for decades been recognized as a health concern in arctic marine biota. In recent years, global climate change (GCC) and related loss of arctic sea ice have been observed to be driving substantial change in arctic ecosystems. This review summarizes findings documenting empirical links between GCC-induced ecological changes and alterations in POP and Hg exposures and pathways in arctic marine ecosystems. Most of the studies have reported changes in POP or Hg concentrations in tissue in relation to GCC-induced changes in species trophic interactions. These studies have typically focused on the role of changes in abundance, habitat range or accessibility of prey species, particularly in relation to sea ice changes. Yet, the ecological change that resulted in contaminant trend changes has often been unclear or assumed. Other studies have successfully used chemical tracers, such as stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios and fatty acid signatures to link such ecological changes to contaminant level variations or trends. Lower sea ice linked-diet changes/variation were associated with higher contaminant levels in some populations of polar bears, ringed seals, and thick-billed murres, but the influence of changing trophic interactions on POP levels and trends varied widely in both magnitude and direction. We suggest that future research in this new area of GCC-linked ecotoxicology should focus on routine analysis of ancillary ecological metrics with POP and Hg studies, simultaneous consideration of the multiple mechanisms by which GCC and contaminant interactions can occur, and targeted research on changing exposures and toxicological effects in species known to be sensitive to both GCC and contaminants.

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VIABILITY MODEL OF TROPHIC INTERACTIONS IN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS

Natural Resource Modeling ◽

10.1111/j.1939-7445.2004.tb00129.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 71-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

CHRISTIAN MULLON ◽

PHILIPPE CURY ◽

LYNNE SHANNON

Keyword(s):

Trophic Interactions ◽

Marine Ecosystems

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A scanning electron microscopic study of the veliger larvae of the scallop argopecten purpuratus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103486 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 284-285

Author(s):

G.C. Bellolio ◽

K.S. Lohrmann ◽

E.M. Dupré

Keyword(s):

Morphological Description ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽

The Pacific ◽

Argopecten Purpuratus ◽

Veliger Larvae ◽

20 Nm ◽

Ethanol Series ◽

Scanning Electron

Argopecten purpuratus is a scallop distributed in the Pacific coast of Chile and Peru. Although this species is mass cultured in both countries there is no morphological description available of the development of this bivalve except for few characterizations of some larval stages described for culture purposes. In this work veliger larvae (app. 140 pm length) were examined by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to study some aspects of the organogenesis of this species.Veliger larvae were obtained from hatchery cultures, relaxed with a solution of MgCl2 and killed by slow addition of 21 glutaraldehyde (GA) in seawater (SW). They were fixed in 2% GA in calcium free artificial SW (pH 8.3), rinsed 3 times in calcium free SW, and dehydrated in a graded ethanol series. The larvae were critical point dried and mounted on double scotch tape (DST). To permit internal view, some valves were removed by slightly pressing and lifting the tip of a cactus spine wrapped with DST, The samples were coated with 20 nm gold and examined with a JEOL JSM T-300 operated at 15 KV.

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