Pediatric airway anatomy may not be what we thought: implications for clinical practice and the use of cuffed endotracheal tubes

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Tobias
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Pediatric Airway ◽  
Endotracheal Tubes ◽  
Airway Anatomy

The Pediatric Airway: Anatomy, Challenges, and Solutions

2011 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Lynne R. Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Airway ◽  
Airway Anatomy

Dimensional compatibility of rigid ventilating bronchoscopes with pediatric airway anatomy using different recommendations for age‐related sizing ‐ A bench study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Kemper ◽  
Michael Kemper ◽  
Thomas Nicolai ◽  
Mital H Dave ◽  
Georg Henze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Airway ◽  
Airway Anatomy ◽  
Bench Study ◽  
Age Related

Airway Basics: Functional Airway Management

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert S Tang
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Pediatric Airway ◽  
Endotracheal Tubes ◽  
Advanced Airway ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Airway Devices

The anesthesiologist maintains patency of the airway through the use of various airway techniques, from simple maneuvers such as jaw thrust and chin lift, to the insertion of oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airways, to the placement of advanced airway devices such as supraglottic airways and endotracheal tubes. Understanding the structure, function and anatomic relationships of the airway provides the foundation to evaluate the patient and determine a safe plan for airway management.The nose and mouth are the beginning point of the airway, which can be divided into the upper airway consisting of nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx, and the lower airway consisting of the trachea, bronchi and subdivisions of the bronchi. The airway is the conduit from which air flows to and from the alveoli, where oxygenation and ventilation occurs. It plays important functions in trapping airborne contaminants, producing mucus and secretions, permitting olfactory and general sensation, warming and humidifying the air, providing immunologic defense from infection through lymphoid tissues, allowing a mechanism for vocalization, creating a functional separation between the swallowing and breathing, and protecting from aspiration of oral and stomach contents. This review contains 2 tables and 34 references. Key words: airway, intubation, pharynx, larynx, kiesselbach’s plexus, vocal cord injury, swallow, cough, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, obstruction, aspiration, pediatric airway

Pediatric Airway Fundamentals

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
Aisha Sozzer ◽  
Jennifer Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Airway Management ◽  
Laryngeal Mask ◽  
Specialized Knowledge ◽  
Pediatric Airway ◽  
Endotracheal Tubes ◽  
Pediatric Anesthesiologist ◽  
And Training ◽  
Reference Feature

This chapter describes the important anatomic and physiologic differences between the child and adult pertinent to airway management. Equipment specific for pediatric airway management, including laryngoscopes, endotracheal tubes, and supraglottic airways, are described. It is critical that the pediatric anesthesiologist have specialized knowledge of and training for the pediatric airway as well as the correct equipment available for airway management. Many specialized options for airway management have become available in recent years, including Microcuff endotracheal tubes and new types of supraglottic airways. This chapter provides detailed step-by-step guidance on the basics of pediatric airway management. A useful reference feature included are charts on sizing of endotracheal tubes, laryngeal mask airways, the i-gel device, and the air-Q device.

Pilot Study to Assess the Use of Ultrasound in Evaluating the Abnormal Pediatric Airway

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (6) ◽  
pp. 950-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Bell ◽  
Aliza P. Cohen ◽  
Justin T. Graff ◽  
Robert J. Fleck ◽  
Sally O’Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Outpatient Appointment ◽  
Pediatric Airway ◽  
Endotracheal Tubes ◽  
Airway Reconstruction ◽  
Airway Pathology ◽  
Endoscopy Ultrasound ◽  
Airway Anomalies

In this study, we sought to explore the feasibility of using ultrasonography to evaluate airway anomalies in awake children with previous airway reconstruction. For the month of December 2018, we reviewed the medical records of patients aged <18 years old with prior airway reconstruction who had an outpatient appointment and a microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy within 24 hours of each other. Four patients met inclusion criteria and were enrolled. Sonographic airway images and measurements were obtained during the outpatient appointment and compared with those obtained during endoscopy. Ultrasound identified extraluminal stents and glottic, subglottic, and tracheal pathology. Subglottic measurements obtained sonographically were within 0.1 to 0.5 mm of the outer diameter of the appropriate endotracheal tubes. Ultrasound did not visualize tracheotomy tubes or posterolateral pathology. Our findings lay the foundation for expanding the role of ultrasound in pediatric airway assessment, keeping in mind its apparent inability to visualize posterolateral airway pathology.

Dimensional compatibility of balloon‐tipped bronchial blockers with the pediatric airway anatomy using different recommendations for age‐related size selection

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1245-1253
Author(s):  
Markus Goetschi ◽  
Michael Kemper ◽  
Mital H. Dave ◽  
Maren Kleine‐Brueggeney ◽  
Georg Henze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Airway ◽  
Size Selection ◽  
Airway Anatomy ◽  
Age Related

The Pediatric Airway: Anatomy, Challenges, and Solutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-139
Author(s):  
Lynne R. Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Airway ◽  
Airway Anatomy

Pediatric Airway Anatomy and Tracheal Tubes: It Is Not All About the Cuff

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-893
Author(s):  
James Peyton ◽  
Elizabeth Foglia ◽  
Gi Soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Airway ◽  
Airway Anatomy

scholarly journals Cuffed vs Uncuffed Endotracheal Tubes for Pediatric Patients: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Yim A ◽  
Doctor J ◽  
Aribindi S ◽  
Ranasinghe L
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Endotracheal Tubes ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Economical Benefit ◽  
The World ◽  
Superior Type

The use of uncuffed endotracheal tubes (ETT) in patients younger than 8 years old has been in practice for the last 60 years. In the last decade, there has been a change in clinical practice with a transition to cuffed ETT use, and there continues to be debate between cuffed vs uncuffed ETT use. This narrative review article aims to review the current literature on the topic and highlight some key points in the argument of cuffed vs uncuffed ETT use in pediatric patients. Cuffed ETTs are increasingly being used with several studies over the last 20 years demonstrating its benefits. Studies have claimed cuffed ETT has a clinical, environmental, and economical benefit over uncuffed ETT. Despite shortcomings of various studies and no definitive conclusion of a superior type of endotracheal tube, cuffed ETTs are here to stay in the world of anesthesia.

The Pediatric Airway: Anatomy, Challenges, and Solutions

2014 ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
Lynne R. Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Airway ◽  
Airway Anatomy
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