Models for Integration of Psychological and Linguistic Knowledge in Complex Forensic Examinations

The article presents complex forensic psychological and linguistic examination models developed basing on various kinds of integration of psychological and linguistic knowledge in solving typical expert tasks. Based on forensic expertise, expert practice, methodological developments in complex, as well as psychological and psychiatric examinations, the author describes the following types of studies: a sequential complex of examinations, parallel complex examination, complex sequential analysis, sequential-parallel complex study.The author also illustrates the sequence of the use and integration of the results of applying specialized knowledge with particular examples.

IDENTIFICATION OF INCOMPLETE PENETRATION WELDING DEFECTS ON DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHIC FILM FIGURES WITH THE GEOMETRIC INVARIANT MOMENT

The examination of defects in radiographic films necessitates specialized knowledge, as indicated by an expert radiographer (AR) degree, yet the subjectivity of AR in identifying defects is problematic. To overcome this subjectivity, an automatic welding defect identification is needed. This is executed by using Matlab to create artificial neural networks, which is beneficial for users with the graphical user interface (GUI) feature. One of the breakthroughs in the figure extraction into seven feature vector values is the geometric invariant moment theory. This prevents translation, rotation, and scaling from changing the figure's characteristics. Therefore, a welding defect identification system with a geometric invariant moment was created in the digital radiographic film figure to overcome the reading error by AR. The identification system obtained an accuracy rating of 89.9%.

Researching the Process of Using Special Knowledge in Criminal Activities as a Condition for the Objectivity of the Cognition and Qualification of Criminal Realitys Manifestations

The author researches the process of using special knowledge in criminal activities while taking into account the contents of the object of criminalistics, and the essence of the criminalistic culture of law enforcement. Examples are presented to illustrate the features of using specialized knowledge in the criminal sphere. The author analyzes the conditions for defining the role of a concrete person, acting as a specialist, in preparing and committing a crime. The specific features of the theoretical platform of criminal law sciences are singled out. Priorities in the classification and qualification spheres of criminal law knowledge are established. The author draws attention to the identification, prediction and diagnostic essence of criminal knowledge and describes the connection between the nature of a lawyer’s cognitive activities and the qualification boundaries of criminal law actions. It is noted that the process of cognizing the criminal reality is dialectic. The author shows the primacy of the substantive understanding of the act of crime while taking into account the criminal law and procedure benchmarks for working out methodological and tactical decisions in the process of crime investigation.

Conhecimento especializado de professoras de Educação Infantil no âmbito da classificação em matemática em um contexto de formação continuada

Este artigo forma parte de uma pesquisa que se associa ao objetivo de aceder e compreender o conhecimento especializado revelado por professoras de Educação Infantil sobre classificação de figuras geométricas. Esse conhecimento especializado é considerado na perspectiva do Mathematics Teachers’ Specialized Knowledge – MTSK. As informações foram coletadas em um contexto de formação continuada com oito professoras da Educação Infantil (crianças de dois a seis anos de idade) onde foi implementada uma Tarefa para a Formação. O tópico classificação, foi escolhido devido ao seu papel potencial para o desenvolvimento do entendimento matemático relacional; da percepção espacial e como forma de pensar matematicamente a resolução de problemas. Os resultados apontam que as professoras revelam um conhecimento relacionado ao Knowledge of Topics (KoT), já que conhecem que para classificar é necessário identificar características das figuras e estabelecer critérios. Porém, verificou-se a falta de familiaridade com algumas figuras geométricas não standard, suas propriedades e a relação da classificação com o desenvolvimento do pensamento matemático e abstrato, o que salienta a necessidade de considerar este tópico de forma intencional na formação de professores da Educaçao Infantil para que se busque desenvolver as especificidades do conhecimento de modo que as crianças possam entender matemática.

A Sourcebook for Engaging with Civil Society Organizations in Asian Development Bank Operations

With their unique strengths and specialized knowledge of their communities and constituencies, civil society organizations (CSOs) have an essential role to play in creating a more prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable Asia and the Pacific. This publication provides guidance on how CSOs can be more effectively engaged in Asian Development Bank (ADB) operations to maximize the benefits for its developing member countries. It provides advice, templates, and tips for ADB staff and country officials to use when designing, implementing, and monitoring ADB-financed operations.

THE USE OF SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE BY OPERATIVES IN THE PROCESS OF MURDERS DETECTION AND INVESTIGATION ON THE TERRITORY OF CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS

В статье рассмотрены особенности использования специальных знаний в процессе раскрытия и расследования убийств, совершенных в исправительном учреждении. Обращено внимание на то, что особенностью расследования убийств выступает необходимость привлечения, помимо криминалиста, еще и специалиста в сфере судебной медицины, который констатирует смерть, окажет помощь в осмотре трупа, в обнаружении и фиксации вещественных доказательств биологического происхождения, проведет дополнительные консультации. Автором определено, что собранная специалистом информация, в первую очередь, должна быть проанализирована оперативными работниками для отработки версий произошедшего, установления круга причастных лиц, что и требует их непосредственного участия в осмотре. Аналитическая деятельность не сводится только к изучению предоставленных специалистами сведений, они должны быть согласованы и обобщены с иными имеющимися данными, например, со свидетельскими показаниями. В результате исследования определены меры по эффективному использованию специальных знаний в расследовании преступлений. Кроме того, предложена дополнительная криминалистическая подготовка оперативных работников и следователей для эффективного оперативного сопровождения раскрытия и расследования преступлений, совершаемых на территории исправительных учреждений. The article discusses the features of the use of specialized knowledge in the process of detection and investigation murders committed in a correctional institution. Attention is drawn to the fact that a feature of the investigation of murders is the need to attract, in addition to the necessary criminologist, also a specialist in the field of forensic medicine, who implements such tasks as: direct ascertaining of death, assistance in examining the corpse, including the detection and fixation of material evidence of biological origins and additional consultations. The authors determined that the information collected by a specialist, first of all, should be analyzed by operatives for its use, working out versions of what happened, establishing the circle of persons involved, which just requires their direct participation in the examination, and not as only fixing the work of specialists. Analytical activity is not limited only to the study of the information provided by specialists, they must be coordinated and summarized with other available data, such as testimony. As a result of the study, measures were identified for the effective use of specialized knowledge in the investigation of crimes. Besides, additional criminological training of the operatives and investigators for effective support in detection and investigation of crimes committed on the territory of the correctional establishments is offered.

A Study of the Recent Trends of Immunology: Key Challenges, Domains, Applications, Datasets, and Future Directions

The human immune system is very complex. Understanding it traditionally required specialized knowledge and expertise along with years of study. However, in recent times, the introduction of technologies such as AIoMT (Artificial Intelligence of Medical Things), genetic intelligence algorithms, smart immunological methodologies, etc., has made this process easier. These technologies can observe relations and patterns that humans do and recognize patterns that are unobservable by humans. Furthermore, these technologies have also enabled us to understand better the different types of cells in the immune system, their structures, their importance, and their impact on our immunity, particularly in the case of debilitating diseases such as cancer. The undertaken study explores the AI methodologies currently in the field of immunology. The initial part of this study explains the integration of AI in healthcare and how it has changed the face of the medical industry. It also details the current applications of AI in the different healthcare domains and the key challenges faced when trying to integrate AI with healthcare, along with the recent developments and contributions in this field by other researchers. The core part of this study is focused on exploring the most common classifications of health diseases, immunology, and its key subdomains. The later part of the study presents a statistical analysis of the contributions in AI in the different domains of immunology and an in-depth review of the machine learning and deep learning methodologies and algorithms that can and have been applied in the field of immunology. We have also analyzed a list of machine learning and deep learning datasets about the different subdomains of immunology. Finally, in the end, the presented study discusses the future research directions in the field of AI in immunology and provides some possible solutions for the same.

Resilience level and its relationship with hypochondriasis in nurses working in COVID-19 reference hospitals

Introduction A new coronavirus, called COVID-19, is an acute respiratory disease, which may arouse many psychological disorders since there is no specialized knowledge about it. The present study aimed to investigate the level of resilience and its relationship with hypochondriasis in nurses working in a COVID-19 reference hospital in south of Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020, in which 312 nurses participated using the census method. Data collection tools were the Conker-Davidson standard resilience scale (CD-RISC) and the Evans Hypoglycaemia Awareness Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression using SPSS software version 23. Results The mean scores of resilience and hypochondriasis were 72.38 ± 7.11 and 49.75 ± 8.13, respectively, indicating the moderate level of these two variables among nurses. Hypochondriasis in 18.91, 61.22, and 1.28% of the nurses was mild, moderate, and severe, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between resilience and hypochondriasis (r = − 0.214 and P < 0.001). In this regard, control (P < 0.001), positive acceptance of change (P < 0.001), spiritual effects (P = 0.001), trust in individual instincts (P = 0.001), and perception of competence (P = 0.002) were detected as the predictors of nurses’ hypochondriasis. Conclusion The nurses had moderate levels of resilience and hypochondriasis. Promoting knowledge about COVID-19and increasing information on how to protect oneself and others against the disease along with supportive packages from their managers are thus recommended.

From the original article to the summary for patients: Reformulation procedures in intralingual translation

The wider access to information and the tendency toward patient education have increased the demand for medical texts aimed at a wide, non-specialized, heterogeneous audience. In this context, it is essential to know what procedures are required to make specialized knowledge accessible to non-experts. This paper presents a corpus-based exploratory study that describes the procedures employed to reformulate, intralingually, medical knowledge from a highly specialized genre, the original article (OA), into a genre derived directly from it but addressed to laymen, namely, the summary for patients (SP). The linguistic and textual changes that take place when translating an OA into an SP are taken as the basis for explaining the reformulation procedures used. The results of the study contribute to the characterization of the SP from a text genre perspective, and provide keys to writing and reformulating for both medical translators and experts in the field, who are often called upon to carry out these intralingual translations.