A keyword on the footer: the Furtadian and the (re)current meaning of structural reforms

ABSTRACT A semantic change has occurred in the scope of structural reforms’ term. This article reviews Celso Furtado’s work, in particular, the ones related to this specific topic, and compares it with the current literature. It appears that structural reforms in the Furtadian conception connoted base transformations and were guided by the developmentalism school of thought. Nowadays, it is of general knowledge that, under the new-institutionalist influence, “structural reforms” are associated with liberal policies for monitoring fiscal consolidations, without consensus as to the power of effectiveness. The effort to rescue and understand the original conceptions of certain keywords in the economic development literature, as well as the way in which their interpretations and practices modify over time, is shown to be of paramount importance as the capitalist system struggle to find ways of adapting itself to the current situation of developing economies.

Kinesiological Treatment of Early Spine Osteoarthritis in a Motorcyclist

This case report speculates that the prolonged vibrations from enduro off-road sports are deleterious to the spine. The results of this case report may also aid sports physicians in better understanding this complex and relatively unknown phenomenon. No published data are present in the current literature that demonstrate the correlation between early spine osteoarthritis from enduro motorcycle overuse and the long-term management effects of a non-invasive kinesiological approach to reduce pain and inflammation and improve spine mobility and muscle strength.

The Influence of Paternalistic Leadership on the Development of Oriental Critical Thinking

In the context of globalization, critical thinking is still regarded as the core content of higher education. The difference between Eastern and Western cultures has a key impact on understanding critical thinking. When the current literature studies the influence of culture on critical thinking, it mainly considers from the macro level, mainly including ethnic history, traditional customs, religious beliefs, art, ethics, and so on. However, from a specific and micro cultural perspective, how critical thinking is influenced by a culture still lacks effective research. This paper studies the influence of Confucian paternalistic leadership on the development of critical thinking in the East from a specific cultural perspective. The study discovers that Asians are easier to understand how things change and they are more tolerant to conflict, which means that they see things as interrelated and interdependent. They are more likely to use intuitive and experience-based reasoning if there is a conflict between intuitive and logical reasoning. Benevolence and hierarchy in paternalistic leadership promote the formation of cooperative critical thinking in improving the operation of organizations so that the characteristics of oriental critical thinking can be analyzed more comprehensively.

Systematic Review of Intraoperative Blood Salvage in the Surgical Management of Craniosynostosis

Introduction/Background: The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the literature regarding complications associated with intraoperative blood salvage (IOBS) in the setting of surgical management of craniosynostosis. Methods: A systematic review was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE by 2 independent reviewers which included any primary literature investigating the use of IOBS in the surgical management of craniosynostosis. Results: The literature search resulted in 354 initial articles. After removing duplicates and articles not written in English, 330 articles underwent title review, resulting in 25 papers for abstract review. A total of 24 manuscripts were reviewed and 9 were deemed appropriate for inclusion of this systematic review. Two of the nine articles mentioned complications as a secondary objective. Conclusion: There is a paucity of current literature measuring the complications of IOBS in craniosynostosis patients undergoing cranial vault reconstruction.

AUTOFIGURACIONES: DE LA FICCIÓN AL PACTO DE NO FICCIÓN

Partiendo de una concepción del género literario como resultado de casillas vacías que la creación literaria impone a la teoría como desafío, este estudio intenta avanzar de modo diferente al de la conocida como Autoficción, precisando mi propuesta avanzada en 2010 sobre Figuraciones del yo. Entre las que ahora denomino Autofiguraciones enumero algunas muy presentes en la literatura de hoy en las que, al igual que ocurre con los relatos de la Shoah de Primo Levi, desarrollan un pathos por el cual el autor compromete experiencias que piden ser leídas como no ficcionales para alcanzar una lectura feliz. El estudio se refiere a obras recientes de diferentes autores que han partido de las Grief Memoir o libros de duelo (por la muerte de padre, madre o hijos) que sobrepasan con mucho cualquier ambigüedad respecto al dolor originario. La segunda parte del estudio desarrolla la tesis de que no toda invención imaginaria pide ser leída como ficción, y que incluso en pactos autobiográficos que nacen deconstructivos (como los de Barthes o Roth) hay mecanismos de referencia, como las fotos, que quieren evadirse de la cárcel del lenguaje. Tanto la multiplicación de detalles sensoriales como un especial juego con el tiempo de la memoria, ahondan en la misma dirección. A partir del concepto bajtiniano de cronotopo externo preciso que toda decisión sobre Ficción/No ficción en las autofiguraciones debe dirimirse de modo pragmático. Avanzo que en obras como las analizadas hay pactos de no ficción que permiten, al contrario que las ficcionales, que puedan formularse desde el que llamo tu autobiográfico reproches posibles sobre olvidos, silencios o mendacidades. ABSTRACT: Beginning with a conception of the literary genre as a result of empty boxes that literary creation imposes on theory as a challenge, this study aims to advance in a different way from the one known as Autofiction, specifying my prior proposal in 2010 on Figuraciones del yo. Among the ones I now call Autofigurations, I list some very present in today's literature in which, as it happens with the stories of the Shoah by Primo Levi, they develop a pathos by which the author compromises experiences that ask to be read as non-fictional in order to achieve a happy reading. This study refers to recent works by different authors who have started from the Grief Memoirs or books of mourning (for the death of a father, mother or children) that go far beyond any ambiguity regarding the original pain. The second part of the study develops the thesis that not every imaginary invention asks to be read as fiction, and that even in autobiographical pacts that are born deconstructive (like those of Barthes or Roth) there are referential mechanisms, like photos, that want to escape from the prison of language. Both the multiplication of sensory details and a special game with the time of memory go in the same direction. From Bakhtin’s concept of external chronotope, it is clear that any decision on fiction/non-fiction in self-portraits must be made pragmatically. I warn that in works such as those analysed there are non-fiction pacts that allow, unlike fictional works, possible reproaches about forgetfulness, silence or mendacity to be formulated from what I call the autobiographical-you. Abstract: Beginning with a conception of literary genre as the result of empty boxes that literary creation imposes on theory as a challenge, this study attempts to move forward in a different way to that of what is known as Autofiction. Among what I now call Autofigurations, I list some very present in current literature which, starting from the Grief Memoir, develop a pathos on which they ask to be read as non-fictional. The second part of the study develops this thesis that not every imaginary invention asks to be read as fiction, pointing out mechanisms of reference, such as photographs, that want to escape from the prison of language. Based on Bakhtin’s concept of the external chronotope, it is clear that any decision on fiction/non-fiction in self-figurations must be made pragmatically. In works such as those analysed, there are non-fictional pacts which, unlike fictional ones, allow us to formulate, from what I call the autobiographical-you, possible objections to forgetfulness, silences or mendacities.

A systematic review and narrative summary of couple-based smoking cessation interventions

Background: Smoking is formed and reinforced in social networks. Smoking interventions have incorporated social networks, especially partners, to promote smoking cessation. This review provides a synthesized review on the effectiveness of couple-based smoking cessation interventions. Methods: A systematic review of peer-reviewed studies of experimental, couple-based smoking cessation interventions, published in English, was conducted. Database searching of CINAHL, PubMed, and SCOPUS and citation review resulted in 2170 articles for reviews. Abstract and initial review screening excluded 2,126, leaving 44 for full-text review. Further exclusions based on type of intervention and reported outcomes left a total of 11 studies to be included in the analysis. Results: Two major outcomes were reported among the 11 studies: long-term quit rates (≥6 months post-intervention) and aspects of the couple’s relationship (e.g., satisfaction, adjustment, and partner support). Only two studies showed significant differences in long-term quit rates compared to control groups. Five studies reported outcomes of couples’ relationships, yet none of the five promoted partner support in the intervention, which may have limited the effectiveness of couple-based interventions. One study observed higher levels of partner support among quitters than continued smokers. A large heterogeneity of target populations was also observed. Conclusions: Current literature does not support the effectiveness of couple-based smoking interventions. Future studies need to re-evaluate the role of partners and partner support to facilitate effective partner support and increase the likelihood of success in smoking cessation among smoker couples. Limitations of the current literature and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Injury in COVID-19 Patients with Acute Ischaemic Stroke: What Do We Know So Far?—A Review of the Current Literature

With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, it became apparent that, in addition to pulmonary infection, extrapulmonary manifestations such as cardiac injury and acute cerebrovascular events are frequent in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, worsening clinical outcome. We reviewed the current literature on the pathophysiology of cardiac injury and its association with acute ischaemic stroke. Several hypotheses on heart and brain axis pathology in the context of stroke related to COVID-19 were identified. Taken together, a combination of disease-related coagulopathy and systemic inflammation might cause endothelial damage and microvascular thrombosis, which in turn leads to structural myocardial damage. Cardiac complications of this damage such as tachyarrhythmia, myocardial infarction or cardiomyopathy, together with changes in hemodynamics and the coagulation system, may play a causal role in the increased stroke risk observed in COVID-19 patients. These hypotheses are supported by a growing body of evidence, but further research is necessary to fully understand the underlying pathophysiology and allow for the design of cardioprotective and neuroprotective strategies in this at risk population.