Just-in-time response to reward as a function of ADHD symptom severity

ObjectiveThis study investigated the associations between maternal symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and child functional outcomes in a community-based sample of children with and without ADHD.Design and settingIn this cohort study, children with ADHD and healthy controls were recruited through schools in Melbourne, Australia, using a combined screening (Conners 3 ADHD Index) and case confirmation (Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV) procedure.Patients117 children with ADHD and 149 control children were included in the analyses.Main outcome measuresMaternal ADHD symptoms (Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale) and child outcomes (ADHD severity, quality of life (QoL), academic competence, social-emotional functioning) were measured at a mean child age of 8.9 years.ResultsMothers of children with ADHD had clinically elevated ADHD symptoms compared with mothers of control children (adjusted analysis: 18.0% vs 2.0%, P<0.001). Elevated maternal ADHD symptoms were associated with greater child ADHD symptom severity and lower QoL by maternal report for children with (severity P=0.01; QoL P=0.003) and without (severity P=0.003; QoL P=0.003) ADHD. Elevated maternal ADHD symptoms were additionally associated with increased parent-rated emotional problems, peer problems and total impairment scores in children without ADHD (all P<0.01).ConclusionsMaternal ADHD symptoms are associated with increased ADHD symptom severity and reduced QoL by maternal report in offspring with or without ADHD, and have broader negative associations with emotional and social functioning in children without ADHD. In the evaluation of the referred children, maternal ADHD symptoms should be considered and referral made to adult services where indicated.

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Dasotraline shows potential for improving ADHD symptom severity

The Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

10.1211/pj.2019.20206375 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Adhd Symptom ◽

Symptom Severity

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1092 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms And Sleep Characteristics Within A Seasonal Affective Disorder Spectrum

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1087 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A415-A416

Author(s):

K N Kim ◽

D L Wescott ◽

P L Franzen ◽

B P Hasler ◽

K A Roecklein

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Adhd Symptom ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Daytime Sleepiness ◽

Total Sleep Time ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Sleep Onset Latency ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Depression Severity

Abstract Introduction Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) increases risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although the mechanism linking SAD and ADHD is unknown. Prior research has identified insomnia and delayed sleep phase in both ADHD and SAD. We hypothesized that sleep duration and timing in SAD would be associated with the severity of ADHD symptoms. Methods Adults with SAD (n = 45) and subsyndromal SAD (S-SAD; n = 18) aged 19-66 years from Pittsburgh, PA., were assessed for ADHD symptoms, self-report sleep quality, depression severity, and daytime sleepiness in the Winter. Participants wore an Actiwatch for 4-14 days, from which we calculated sleep-onset latency, total sleep time, sleep midpoint, and sleep efficiency. We conducted a hierarchical multivariate linear regression to determine if sleep characteristics predict ADHD symptom severity in our sample while controlling for depressive symptoms. Age and gender were added in Step 1, seasonal depression severity in Step 2, actigraphy-based total sleep time, sleep onset latency, midpoint, and efficiency in Step 3, and self-reported sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in Step 4. Results Participants mostly scored in the “likely” or “highly likely” ADHD range (87.30%, n=55), higher than the national prevalence rate (4.4%). When controlling for age, gender, and depression severity, only shorter actigraphy-based total sleep time was associated with higher ADHD symptom severity (β=-0.30, p<0.05). However, when self-reported sleep quality and daytime sleepiness were added as predictors, total sleep time was no longer a statistically-significant predictor of ADHD symptom severity and only daytime sleepiness predicted ADHD symptom severity (β=0.31, p<0.05). Conclusion Our results suggest that individuals with SAD who experience daytime sleepiness and/or possibly shorter actigraphy-based sleep duration experience higher ADHD symptom severity. Treatments like Trans-C or CBT-I to improve daytime sleepiness and sleep duration may be indicated for SAD patients who present with comorbid ADHD symptoms. Support NIMH K.A.R. MH103303

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Examining the Interplay Among Negative Emotionality, Cognitive Functioning, and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptom Severity

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617711000294 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 502-510 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Dione M. Healey ◽

David J. Marks ◽

Jeffrey M. Halperin

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Adhd Symptom ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Neuropsychological Functioning ◽

Neuropsychological Test ◽

Negative Emotionality ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

AbstractCognition and emotion, traditionally thought of as largely distinct, have recently begun to be conceptualized as dynamically linked processes that interact to influence functioning. This study investigated the moderating effects of cognitive functioning on the relationship between negative emotionality and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity. A total of 216 (140 hyperactive/inattentive; 76 typically developing) preschoolers aged 3–4 years were administered a neuropsychological test battery (i.e., NEPSY). To avoid method bias, child negative emotionality was rated by teachers (Temperament Assessment Battery for Children-Revised), and parents rated symptom severity on the ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS-IV). Hierarchical Linear Regression analyses revealed that both negative emotionality and Perceptual-Motor & Executive Functions accounted for significant unique variance in ADHD symptom severity. Significant interactions indicated that when negative emotionality is low, but not high, neuropsychological functioning accounts for significant variability in ADHD symptoms, with lower functioning predicting more symptoms. Emotional and neuropsychological functioning, both individually and in combination, play a significant role in the expression of ADHD symptom severity. (JINS, 2011, 17, 502–510)

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Corrigendum: Resting-State Brain Signal Variability in Prefrontal Cortex Is Associated With ADHD Symptom Severity in Children

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnhum.2019.00431 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Jason S. Nomi ◽

Elana Schettini ◽

Willa Voorhies ◽

Taylor S. Bolt ◽

Aaron S. Heller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Resting State ◽

Adhd Symptom ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Signal Variability

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The Accuracy of Retrospective Recall of Childhood ADHD: Results from a Longitudinal Study

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment ◽

10.1007/s10862-020-09852-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elena von Wirth ◽

Janet Mandler ◽

Dieter Breuer ◽

Manfred Döpfner

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Adhd Symptom ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

False Negative ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Childhood Adhd ◽

Retrospective Reports ◽

Symptom Ratings ◽

Symptom Recall

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset condition that may continue into adulthood. When assessing adult patients, clinicians usually rely on retrospective reports of childhood symptoms to evaluate the age-of-onset criterion. Since inaccurate symptom recall may impede the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD, knowledge about the factors influencing retrospective reports is needed. This longitudinal study investigated (a) the accuracy of retrospective symptom ratings by adult participants with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD (self-ratings) and parents or significant others (proxy ratings), and (b) the influence of current ADHD symptom severity and ADHD-associated impairments on retrospective symptom ratings. Participants (N = 55) were members of the Cologne Adaptive Multimodal Treatment (CAMT) study who had been referred and treated for ADHD in childhood and were reassessed in adulthood (average age 27 years). Participants’ retrospective self-ratings were substantially lower than, and did not correlate with, parents’ ADHD symptom ratings provided at study entry, while retrospective symptom ratings provided by proxy respondents correlated moderately with parents’ childhood ratings. In addition, participants were more likely to underreport childhood symptoms (79%) and more frequently denied the presence of three or more childhood symptoms (17%) compared to proxy respondents (65% underreporting, 10% false-negative recall). Proxy respondents’ symptom recall was best predicted by childhood ADHD, while participants’ symptom recall was best predicted by current ADHD symptom severity. ADHD-associated impairments were not correlated with symptom recall after controlling for childhood ADHD. Together, these findings suggest a recall bias in adult patients and question the validity of retrospective reports, even in clinical samples.

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