scholarly journals 1092 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms And Sleep Characteristics Within A Seasonal Affective Disorder Spectrum

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A415-A416
Author(s):  
K N Kim ◽  
D L Wescott ◽  
P L Franzen ◽  
B P Hasler ◽  
K A Roecklein
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Adhd Symptom ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Depression Severity

Abstract Introduction Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) increases risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although the mechanism linking SAD and ADHD is unknown. Prior research has identified insomnia and delayed sleep phase in both ADHD and SAD. We hypothesized that sleep duration and timing in SAD would be associated with the severity of ADHD symptoms. Methods Adults with SAD (n = 45) and subsyndromal SAD (S-SAD; n = 18) aged 19-66 years from Pittsburgh, PA., were assessed for ADHD symptoms, self-report sleep quality, depression severity, and daytime sleepiness in the Winter. Participants wore an Actiwatch for 4-14 days, from which we calculated sleep-onset latency, total sleep time, sleep midpoint, and sleep efficiency. We conducted a hierarchical multivariate linear regression to determine if sleep characteristics predict ADHD symptom severity in our sample while controlling for depressive symptoms. Age and gender were added in Step 1, seasonal depression severity in Step 2, actigraphy-based total sleep time, sleep onset latency, midpoint, and efficiency in Step 3, and self-reported sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in Step 4. Results Participants mostly scored in the “likely” or “highly likely” ADHD range (87.30%, n=55), higher than the national prevalence rate (4.4%). When controlling for age, gender, and depression severity, only shorter actigraphy-based total sleep time was associated with higher ADHD symptom severity (β=-0.30, p<0.05). However, when self-reported sleep quality and daytime sleepiness were added as predictors, total sleep time was no longer a statistically-significant predictor of ADHD symptom severity and only daytime sleepiness predicted ADHD symptom severity (β=0.31, p<0.05). Conclusion Our results suggest that individuals with SAD who experience daytime sleepiness and/or possibly shorter actigraphy-based sleep duration experience higher ADHD symptom severity. Treatments like Trans-C or CBT-I to improve daytime sleepiness and sleep duration may be indicated for SAD patients who present with comorbid ADHD symptoms. Support NIMH K.A.R. MH103303

scholarly journals Personality Traits and Insomnia Symptoms in Shift Workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Holzinger ◽  
Lucille Mayer ◽  
Gerhard Klösch
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Work Schedule ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Shift Schedules ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

The discrepancy between natural sleep-wake rhythm and actual sleep times in shift workers can cause sleep loss and negative daytime consequences. Irregular shift schedules do not follow a fixed structure and change frequently, which makes them particularly harmful and makes affected individuals more susceptible to insomnia. The present study compares insomnia symptoms of non-shift workers, regular shift workers, and irregular shift workers and takes into account the moderating role of the Big Five personality traits and levels of perfectionism. Employees of an Austrian railway company completed an online survey assessing shift schedules, sleep quality and duration, daytime sleepiness, and personality traits. A total of 305 participants, of whom 111 were non-shift workers, 60 regular shift workers, and 134 irregular shift workers, made up the final sample. Irregular shift workers achieved significantly worse scores than one or both of the other groups in time in bed, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep duration, sleep quality, sleep latency, and the number of awakenings. However, the values of the irregular shifts workers are still in the average range and do not indicate clinical insomnia. Participants working regular shifts reported the best sleep quality and longest sleep duration and showed the least nocturnal awakenings, possibly due to higher conscientiousness- and lower neuroticism scores in this group. Agreeableness increased the effect of work schedule on total sleep time while decreasing its effect on the amount of sleep medication taken. Perfectionism increased the effect of work schedule on time in bed and total sleep time. Generalization of results is limited due to the high percentage of males in the sample and using self-report measures only.

Sleep and Psychological Abuse Among Cohabiting Couples: A Pilot Study

Partner Abuse ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-360
Author(s):  
Sharon Rose ◽  
Linda Berg-Cross ◽  
Nancy A. Crowell
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Psychological Abuse ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Cohabiting Couples ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Relationship

This study explored the relationship between psychological abuse and sleep deprivation among nonclinical cohabiting couples. Thirty-one couples participated in completing a variety of sleep measures, a psychological abuse scale, and a relationship satisfaction survey. Results indicated a persistent relationship between everyday sleep deficits (sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and self-reported total sleep time) and the perceived perpetration and felt victimization of psychological abuse. Overall, results were as hypothesized, but there were gender differences. Male psychological abuse victimization and perpetration were significantly related to sleep quality and daytime sleepiness, but for women, only sleep duration was predictive of felt victimization. The sleep variables were significantly related to women’s—but not men’s—reported relationship satisfaction. Overall, minimal sleep deprivation appears to be related to increased psychological abuse perpetration and victimization even among a normative population scoring outside the clinical range on these measures. Implications for prevention and treatment are discussed.

scholarly journals Frontal cortex myo-inositol is associated with sleep and depression in adolescents : A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S351-S351
Author(s):  
A.S. Urrila ◽  
A. Hakkarainen ◽  
A. Castaneda ◽  
T. Paunio ◽  
M. Marttunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Depression Severity

AimThis study used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) to evaluate neurochemistry of the frontal cortex in adolescents with symptoms of sleep and depression.Methods19 non-medicated adolescent boys (mean age 16.0 y; n = 9 clinical cases with depression/sleep symptoms and n = 10 healthy controls) underwent 1H MRS at 3 T. MR spectra were acquired from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and frontal white matter. Concentrations of N-acetyl aspartate, total creatine, choline-containing compounds, total glutamine plus glutamate, and myo-inositol (mI) were compared between the two subgroups and correlated with sleep and clinical measures in the total sample. Sleep was assessed with self-report questionnaires and ambulatory polysomnography recordings.ResultsConcentrations of mI were lower in both frontal cortical regions among the depressed adolescents as compared to healthy controls. No statistically significant differences in other metabolite concentrations were observed between the subgroups. Frontal cortex mI concentrations correlated negatively with depression severity, subjective daytime sleepiness, insomnia symptoms, and the level of anxiety, and positively with total sleep time and overall psychosocial functioning. The correlations between mI in the ACC and total sleep time as well as daytime sleepiness remained statistically significant when depression severity was controlled in the analyses.ConclusionLower frontal cortex mI may indicate a disturbed second messenger system. Frontal cortical mI may thus be linked to the pathophysiology of depression and concomitant sleep symptoms among maturing adolescents. Short sleep and daytime sleepiness may be associated with frontal cortex mI independently from depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Sleep Quality in Family Caregivers and Matched Non-Caregiving Controls: The REGARDS Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 818-818
Author(s):  
Marcela Blinka ◽  
Adam Spira ◽  
Orla Sheehan ◽  
Tansu Cidav ◽  
J David Rhodes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Regards Study

Abstract The high levels of stress experienced by family caregivers may affect their physical and psychological health, including their sleep quality. However, there are few population-based studies comparing sleep between family caregivers and carefully-matched controls. We evaluated differences in sleep and identified predictors of poorer sleep among the caregivers, in a comparison of 251 incident caregivers and carefully matched non-caregiving controls, recruited from the national REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. Incident caregivers and controls were matched on up to seven demographic and health factors (age, sex, race, education level, marital status, self-rated health, and self-reported serious cardiovascular disease history). Sleep characteristics were self-reported and included total sleep time, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, time in bed, and sleep efficiency. Family caregivers reported significantly longer sleep onset latency, before and after adjusting for potential confounders, compared to non-caregiving controls (ps < 0.05). Depressive symptoms in caregivers predicted longer sleep onset latency, greater wake after sleep onset, and lower sleep efficiency. Longer total sleep time in caregivers was predicted by employment status, living with the care recipient, and number of caregiver hours. Employed caregivers and caregivers who did not live with the care recipient had shorter total sleep time and spent less time in bed than non-employed caregivers. Additional research is needed to evaluate whether sleep disturbances contributes to health problems among caregivers.

scholarly journals 1161 Tasimelteon Shows Persistence Of Efficacy In Improving Sleep Disturbances In Patients With Smith-Magenis Syndrome (SMS) In Open-Label Extension Study

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A442-A444
Author(s):  
J Brooks ◽  
M Gibson ◽  
K Kite ◽  
E Czeisler ◽  
M Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Open Label Extension ◽  
Nighttime Sleep

Abstract Introduction Smith-Magenis Syndrome (SMS) is a rare (1/15,000 - 25,000 births) neurodevelopmental disorder resulting from an interstitial deletion of chromosome 17p11.2, or from a point mutation in the RAI1 gene. Severe sleep disorder is almost universal in patients with SMS and poses a significant challenge to patients and their families. Tasimelteon improved sleep symptoms in a randomized, double-blind, two-period, crossover study; and here we show that this effect persists for up to four years in an open-label extension. To our knowledge, this is the largest interventional study of SMS patients to date. Methods Following the 4-week crossover study, all eligible participants had the option to enroll in an open-label extension. 31/39 (79.4%) of all individuals who participated in the efficacy study have continued on tasimelteon treatment. Participants in the open-label extension provided daily diary sleep quality (DDSQ), and daily diary total sleep time (DDTST) measures via parental post sleep questionnaire and characterized behavior using the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC). Results In the open-label extension, tasimelteon continued to show improvement in the primary endpoints of 50% worst sleep quality (mean = 0.7, SD = 0.94) and 50% worst total nighttime sleep duration (mean = 53.3, SD = 59.01) when compared to baseline. Tasimelteon also improved overall sleep quality (mean=0.7, SD=0.83) and overall total nighttime sleep duration (mean = 51.9, SD=53.03). ABC scores also improved with tasimelteon (mean= -16.3, SD = 15.82). Conclusion Tasimelteon continues to demonstrate persistence in efficacy (longest approximately 4 years) with similar magnitudes observed in the 4-week crossover study for sleep quality and total sleep time. Interestingly, daytime behavior also demonstrates long-term improvement in patients with SMS treated with tasimelteon. These results further confirm tasimelteon as a novel therapy for the treatment of sleep disorders in patients with SMS and may provide benefit for behavioral symptoms. Support This work was supported by Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT) parameters and occurrence of dreaming in patients with daytime sleepiness of narcoleptic and non-narcoleptic origin

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 958-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Siqueira Waihrich ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Delgado Rodrigues ◽  
Henrique Aragão Silveira ◽  
Fernando da Fonseca Melo Fróes ◽  
Guilherme Henrique da Silva Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency

OBJECTIVE: To compare MSLT parameters in two groups of patients with daytime sleepiness, correlated to the occurrence and onset of dreams. METHOD: Patients were submitted to the MSLT between January/1999 and June/2002. Sleep onset latency, REM sleep latency and total sleep time were determined. The occurrence of dreams was inquired following each MSLT series. Patients were classified as narcoleptic (N) or non-narcoleptic (NN). RESULTS: Thirty patients were studied, 12 were classified as narcoleptics (N group; 40%), while the remaining 18 as non-narcoleptic (NN group; 60%). Thirty MSLT were performed, resulting in 146 series. Sleep was detected in 126 series (86%) and dreams in 56 series (44.44%). Mean sleep time in the N group was 16.0±6.3 min, while 10.5±7.5 min in the NN group (p<0.0001). Mean sleep latency was 2.0±2.2 min and 7.2±6.0 min in the N and NN group, respectively (p<0.001). Mean REM sleep latency in the N group was 3.2±3.1min and 6.9±3.7 min in the NN group (p=0.021). Dreams occurred in 56.9% of the N group series and 28.4% in that of the NN group (p=0.0009). Dream frequency was detected in 29.8% and 75% of the NREM series of the N and NN groups, respectively (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: Patients from the N group, compared to the NN group, slept longer and earlier, demonstrated a shorter REM sleep onset and greater dream frequency. NN patients had a greater dream frequency in NREM series. Thus, the occurrence of dreams during NREM in the MSLT may contribute to differentially diagnose narcolepsy and daytime sleepiness.

scholarly journals 673 Did the COVID-19 pandemic increase insomnia?

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A263-A263
Author(s):  
Neil Stanley ◽  
Alison Gardiner ◽  
Nicola Sunter
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction COVID-19 has been an unprecedented health event with far-reaching health and economic consequences. There have been numerous surveys published that have suggested that insomnia has increased during the pandemic. However, there have been no comparisons of data from the pandemic with that from other years. Here we present baseline data from people signing up to an online CBTi course to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on sleep. Methods We investigated the difference in age; diary-reported Sleep Efficiency (SE%) and Total Sleep Time (TST); sleep quality and disturbances as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and daytime sleepiness using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS); between the first wave of COVID-19 in the UK (1st March -31st July 2020) as compared to the same period in 2019. Results In 2019 n=2231 patients were assessed as compared to n=6173 in 2020. There were no significant differences in the age of the two cohorts (47.1 years v 46.3 years, NS). SE% was significantly lower in the 2019 cohort (66% v 67.6, p &lt;0.001) as was their total sleep time (5.71 hrs v 6.05 hrs, p&lt;0.0001). PSQI scores were also higher in 2019 (13.13 v 12.72. p&lt;0.0001). The level of daytime sleepiness was lower in the 2019 cohort (5.4 v 5.6 p &lt;0.001) Conclusion Our results show that there was no evidence of an increase in the severity of sleep disturbance during the 1st wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK in contrast to what numerous surveys have suggested. Indeed, we found that people signing up to Sleepstation’s online dCBTi course during the 1st wave of the pandemic had statistically significant better subjective sleep, although they had a higher level of daytime sleepiness than those in the same period a year previously. Although statistically significant, our results do not demonstrate a clinically relevant difference between the two cohorts. It is also interesting that despite the age-related impact of COVID-19, there was no significant difference in the age of the patients. Thus, in contrast to the survey data, we found no evidence for a worsening of sleep during the 1st wave of the pandemic. Support (if any):

scholarly journals Relationship Between Sleep and Function in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 619-619
Author(s):  
Miranda McPhillips ◽  
Junxin Li ◽  
Darina Petrovsky ◽  
Nancy Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
And Function

Abstract Our objective was to examine relationships between sleep characteristics and function in community-dwelling older adults with cognitive impairment. Sleep measures included actigraphy (total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, efficiency, awakenings), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Promis Physical Function Short Form and Promis Item Bank Social were used to measure physical function and social activity. We used Spearman’s correlation and multivariate linear regression. In bivariate analyses, physical function was significantly related to daytime sleepiness, wake after sleep onset and awakenings; social activity was significantly related to sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, total sleep time, wake after sleep onset and number of awakenings. Controlling for cognition and age, sleep quality was independently associated with physical function (β= -0.80; p= 0.002). Relationships between sleep and social activity did not remain significant in multivariate analyses. Preliminary results suggest subjective sleep quality is most related to physical function.

scholarly journals 0771 Explaining Self-reported Hypersomnolence In Seasonal Depression

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A292-A293
Author(s):  
D L Wescott ◽  
B P Hasler ◽  
P L Franzen ◽  
K A Roecklein
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Seasonal Affective Disorder ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Long Sleep ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Introduction Hypersomnolence is commonly reported in Major Depressive Disorder with Seasonal Pattern (Seasonal Affective Disorder; SAD). However, self-reported hypersomnolence may conflate long sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, increased time in bed, or maladaptive sleep cognitions, undermining treatment efforts. Methods Eighty-eight participants ages 18-65 years old were recruited during the winter (SAD = 43, Control = 45). Depression severity was assessed by a clinician rated interview, and self-reported hypersomnolence was determined by assessing self-reported sleep duration. Participants wore an Actiwatch for 4-14 days and completed self-report measures of daytime sleepiness and fatigue. We performed a hierarchical linear regression to determine which factors best explain self-reported winter hypersomnolence: actigraphic total sleep time (TST), time in bed (TIB), depression severity, sleepiness, or fatigue. Due to collinearity of TST and TIB, we separated those variables into two models predicting hypersomnolence. Results SAD participants endorsed greater hypersomnolence than controls during the winter (B = .714; p &lt; .001). In model 1, TST (OR(1,14) = .024, p &lt;.001) and daytime sleepiness (OR(1,14) = .208, p = .03) significantly predicted the presence of self-reported winter hypersomnolence above and beyond age, gender, depression, and fatigue. In model 2, only TIB (OR(1, 14) = .021, p = .001) was a significant predictor. Post-hoc analyses indicated that fatigue and depression severity significantly predicted self-reported hypersomnolence when entered separately into the model. Sleepiness accounted for the largest change in pseudo-R2 in bth models. Conclusion We found evidence for the multifaceted etiology of self-reported hypersomnolence. Daytime sleepiness, sleep duration, time in bed, and the shared variance between fatigue and depression severity all explained self-reported hypersomnolence. Treatment of hypersomnolence should include actigraphy, and should be individually tailored based on presentation. Support NIMH K.A.R. MH103303

scholarly journals Sleep quality and architecture in COPD: the relationship with lung function abnormalities

2021 ◽  
pp. e20200612
Author(s):  
Renata D Marques1,2,4 ◽  
Danilo C Berton1,3,4 ◽  
Nicolle J Domnik4,5 ◽  
Helen Driver4 ◽  
Amany F Elbehairy6,7 ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Recording Time ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Objective: Impaired respiratory mechanics and gas exchange may contribute to sleep disturbance in patients with COPD. We aimed to assess putative associations of different domains of lung function (airflow limitation, lung volumes, and gas exchange efficiency) with polysomnography (PSG)-derived parameters of sleep quality and architecture in COPD. Methods: We retrospectively assessed data from COPD 181 patients = 40 years of age who underwent spirometry, plethysmography, and overnight PSG. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models predicted sleep efficiency (total sleep time/total recording time) and other PSG-derived parameters that reflect sleep quality. Results: The severity of COPD was widely distributed in the sample (post-bronchodilator FEV1 ranging from 25% to 128% of predicted): mild COPD (40.3%), moderate COPD (43.1%), and severe-very severe COPD (16.6%). PSG unveiled a high proportion of obstructive sleep apnea (64.1%) and significant nocturnal desaturation (mean pulse oximetry nadir = 82.2% ± 6.9%). After controlling for age, sex, BMI, apnea-hypopnea index, nocturnal desaturation, comorbidities, and psychotropic drug prescription, FEV1/FVC was associated with sleep efficiency (ß = 25.366; R2 = 14%; p < 0.001), whereas DLCO predicted sleep onset latency (ß = -0.314; R2 = 13%; p < 0.001) and rapid eye movement sleep time/total sleep time in % (ß = 0.085; R2 = 15%; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Pulmonary function variables reflecting severity of airflow and gas exchange impairment, adjusted for some potential confounders, were weakly related to PSG outcomes in COPD patients. The direct contribution of the pathophysiological hallmarks of COPD to objectively measured parameters of sleep quality seems to be less important than it was previously assumed.

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