Gender Inequality in Paid and Unpaid Work During Covid‐19 Times

This article develops the concept of ‘transitional labour markets': legitimised and collectively insured sets of mobility options between paid and unpaid work. Such mobility options could constitute a basis for both a new gender contract and a new concept of full-employment, the latter being based on the flexible target of 30 hours a week, from which employees would constantly deviate over their life course to allow for periods of training, child-care, higher-income phases etc. Of five different types of transitional labour market, this article focuses on the transition between paid and unpaid work and between work and retirement. Greater flexibility in the mobility between various labour market statuses, it is argued, would make a major contribution to overcoming gender inequality.

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How the Covid-19 Lockdown Affected Gender Inequality in Paid and Unpaid Work in Spain

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3643198 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lidia Farre ◽

Yarine Fawaz ◽

Libertad Gonzalez ◽

Jennifer Graves

Keyword(s):

Gender Inequality ◽

Unpaid Work ◽

Paid And Unpaid Work

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Paid and Unpaid Work Time by Labor Force Status of Prime Age Women and Men in Canada: The Great Recession and Gender Inequality in Work Time

Gender and Time Use in a Global Context ◽

10.1057/978-1-137-56837-3_5 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 85-112

Author(s):

Fiona MacPhail

Keyword(s):

Labor Force ◽

Gender Inequality ◽

Great Recession ◽

Unpaid Work ◽

Work Time ◽

The Great Recession ◽

Labor Force Status ◽

And Gender ◽

Paid And Unpaid Work

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Linking Gender and Superannuation

International Journal of Discrimination and the Law ◽

10.1177/135822919700200403 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 271-297

Author(s):

Macdermott Therese

Keyword(s):

Gender Inequality ◽

Regulatory Framework ◽

Unpaid Work ◽

Structural Inequality ◽

Law And Policy ◽

Paid And Unpaid Work

The purpose of this article is to examine the failure of the existing legal and regulatory framework of superannuation in Australia to recognise and address sources of systemic and structural inequality for women, which are reflected in current superannuation entitlements. The article seeks to explain why anti-discrimination procedures have not been adequate to remedy these inequalities, and analyses the treatment of women's paid and unpaid work within the current framework. The article ultimately seeks to identify superannuation law and policy as a further manifestation of the prevailing formalistic concept of equality which perpetuates gender inequality.

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Unpaid Work and Care During COVID-19: Subjective Experiences of Same-Sex Couples and Single Mothers in Australia

Gender & Society ◽

10.1177/08912432211001303 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 233-243

Author(s):

Lyn Craig ◽

Brendan Churchill

Keyword(s):

Single Mothers ◽

Online Survey ◽

Unpaid Work ◽

Subjective Experiences ◽

Same Sex ◽

Mothers And Fathers ◽

Same Sex Couples ◽

And Bisexual ◽

Subjective Reports ◽

Paid And Unpaid Work

This paper draws on data from Work and Care During COVID-19, an online survey of Australians during pandemic lockdown in May 2020 (n = 2,722). It focuses on how subsamples of lesbian, gay, and bisexual mothers and fathers in couples (n = 280) and single mothers (n = 480) subjectively experienced unpaid work and care during lockdown compared with heterosexual mothers and fathers in couples, and with partnered mothers, respectively. During the pandemic, nonheterosexual fathers’ subjective reports were less negative than those of their heterosexual counterparts, but differences between heterosexual and lesbian/bisexual mothers were more mixed. Unlike their partnered counterparts, more single mothers reported feeling satisfied than before with their balance of paid and unpaid work and how they spent their time overall during the pandemic, perhaps because they avoided partnership conflicts and particularly benefited from relaxed commuting and child care deadlines.

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Has the Economic Lockdown Following the Covid-19 Pandemic Changed the Gender Division of Labor in Israel?

Gender & Society ◽

10.1177/08912432211001297 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 089124322110012

Author(s):

Meir Yaish ◽

Hadas Mandel ◽

Tali Kristal

Keyword(s):

Gender Inequality ◽

Unpaid Work ◽

Paid Work ◽

Flexible Work ◽

Work Arrangements ◽

Work From Home ◽

The Family ◽

Allocation Of Time ◽

Using Data ◽

Families With Children

The economic shutdown and national lockdown following the outbreak of COVID-19 have increased demand for unpaid work at home, particularly among families with children, and reduced demand for paid work. Concurrently, the share of the workforce that has relocated its workplace to home has also increased. In this article, we examine the consequences of these processes for the allocation of time among paid work, housework, and care work for men and women in Israel. Using data on 2,027 Israeli adults whom we followed since the first week of March (before the spread of COVID-19), we focus on the effect of the second lockdown in Israel (in September) on the gender division of both paid and unpaid work. We find that as demand for housework caused by the lockdown increases, women—especially with children—increase their housework much more than men do, particularly when they work from home. The consequences of work from home and other flexible work arrangements for gender inequality within the family are discussed.

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