Transcontinental polygyny, migration and hegemonic masculinity in Guinea‐Bissau and the Gambia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Brzezińska
Keyword(s):  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Guinea Bissau

The Politics and Diplomacy of Peacekeeping in West Africa: The Ecowas Operation in Liberia

1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademola Adeleke
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
West African ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Guinea Bissau

TheEconomic Community of West African States (Ecowas) was established in May 1975 as an organisation to promote the development of the sub-region, and for 15 years did not deviate from this mandate. The 16 member-states – Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo – restricted their interactions to purely economic matters and ran shy of political issues confronting West Africa. This tradition changed in 1990 when Ecowas decided to intervene in the civil war which had broken out in Liberia. Its strategy to resolve the conflict followed two parallel but mutually interactive channels — making and enforcing peace. The former involved negotiations and arbitration; the latter the deployment in August 1990 of a 3,000 strong multinational force to supervise a cease-fire.

Membership of the International Maritime Organization

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-243
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
International Maritime Organization ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
United Republic ◽  
United Republic Of Tanzania

Algeria, Angola, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Congo, Congo (Dem Rep), Cote d'lvoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Togo, Tunisia and the United Republic of Tanzania.

scholarly journals Trend analysis of production, consumption and export of cashew crop in West Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (s1) ◽  
pp. 187-202
Author(s):  
N.P. Kolliesuah ◽  
J.L. Saysay ◽  
M.M. Zinnah ◽  
A.T. Freeman ◽  
D. Chinenye
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
International Market ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Guinea Bissau

West Africa is a core producer of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), supplying 45% of the commodity on the global market. Despite this huge share of the international market, only 10% of the commodity is processed and consumed domestically. The low rate of consumption is reflected by low investment in the cashew industry, making the crop underutilised as a food and nutrition security crop in the region. The objective of this study was to analyse the trends in production, levels of consumption and export of the crop in West Africa, as a basis for informing strategic development interventions. This work utilised metadata from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation database, Nitidae and other relevant sources to explore the production, consumption and export patterns of cashew from the year 2000 up to 2017. The metadata used were analysed using descriptive statistics. The study revealed that eleven (Cote D’Ivoire, Nigeria, Benin, Guinea Bissau, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Guinea, The Gambia, Senegal, and Togo) of the sixteen countries in West Africa were actively engaged in cashew production. It was also projected that production will decline in the next five years in countries such as Nigeria, Togo, Senegal, and Burkina Faso due to a reduction in the land under cashew cultivation, an increase in pest and disease infestations, coupled with a decline in genetic improvement and poor extension services. Production will remain stable in The Gambia and Guinea Bissau because most trees there are yet to hit the peak of production; and of reduced investment in research and development. Cashew consumption locally is dismal (<10% across the region) due to limited attention given to the processing industry in the region. To boost local production and consumption, as well maintain the 45% share of the international market in the next five years and beyond, it is essential to invest in genetic improvement, modification of agronomic practices, and investment in the processing industry, as well as research and development of the crop.

scholarly journals ʿAjamī Annotations in Multilingual Manuscripts from Mande Speaking Areas: Visual and Linguistic Features

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darya Ogorodnikova
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Guinea Bissau

The article describes and analyse the paratextual elements (annotations) in Soninke and Manding languages in the manuscripts from modern-day Senegal, the Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali and Burkina Faso. It focuses on specific layout of the annotations in relation to the main text, the linking and tagging/labelling techniques applied to connect them to the source text, their linguistic features and other peculiarities.

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